Opinion
No. 160, Docket 22903.
Argued April 13, 1954.
Decided May 26, 1954.
Holt S. McKinney, New York City (Hunt, Hill Betts and Reese D. Alsop, New York City, on the brief), for intervenor-petitioner.
L.W. Post, Sp. Asst. to Atty. Gen., Washington, D.C. (H. Brian Holland, Asst. Atty. Gen., and Ellis N. Slack and Lee A. Jackson, Sp. Assts. to Atty. Gen., Washington, D.C., on the brief), for respondent.
Before CLARK, HINCKS, and HARLAN, Circuit Judges.
The question presented on this petition for review of a decision of the Tax Court is whether the value of property conveyed in trust prior to the 1924 taxing act, subject to a power of revocation to the donor and his wife and the survivor of them, is properly to be included in the donor's taxable estate when his death occurred after that of his wife and at a time when his power of revocation was absolute. Judge Raum of the Tax Court held in a reasoned opinion, 19 T.C. 1013, that it was; and the petition for review has been brought by the executor of the beneficiary who had been allowed to intervene in the proceedings below.
In 1915 the decedent, Arthur Curtiss James, and his wife, Harriet Parsons James, created a trust for the benefit of petitioner's testate, Maud P. Larson, sister to Mrs. James. The trust was subject to revocation by joint act of the settlors while both lived, and thereafter by the individual act of the survivor. Mrs. James died on May 15, Mr. James on June 4, 1941. Thus at the time of his death the trust was subject to decedent's uncontrolled power of revocation. The Commissioner determined that the value of the trust must be included in decedent's gross estate under I.R.C. § 811(d)(2), 26 U.S.C.; and the Tax Court has sustained this determination. We agree.
"§ 811. Gross estate
"The value of the gross estate of the decedent shall be determined by including the value at the time of his death of all property, real or personal, tangible or intangible, wherever situated, except real property situated outside of the United States —
The trust instrument gave decedent a power to revoke the trust subject to his wife's concurrence during her lifetime. Upon her death the power became absolute. Assuming that his wife had an adverse interest during her life and that Reinecke v. Northern Trust Co., 278 U.S. 339, 49 S.Ct. 123, 73 L.Ed. 410, then applied to indicate that had he then died the property would not have been taxable to his estate, nevertheless the original check upon his discretion did not endure. So by the time of his death the situation was no different from that in C.I.R. v. Hofheimer's Estate, 2 Cir., 149 F.2d 733, where we held the trust principal taxable. Petitioner urges that under Treas. Reg. 105, § 81.20(b) (1), taxability must depend on reservation of an absolute power at the time of the original transfer. But in our view the cited language requires no more than that the power stem from the creating instrument. To the argument that taxation here would be unconstitutional for retroactivity it is sufficient answer that decedent had time in which to renounce his power and complete his original gift. In short we are clear that regardless of prior conditions the existence of an untrammeled power of revocation at the time of decedent's death brings the trust within the ambit of I.R.C. § 811(d)(2).
Alternatively, petitioner asserts that part of the trust principal was contributed by decedent's wife and therefore cannot be included in his estate. But the evidence supporting the Tax Court's contrary finding is more than ample. Mrs. James was merely a nominal settlor who contributed no part of the trust assets.
Since the decision below is in all respects correct, it is
Affirmed.