Opinion
No. 13-56528
10-22-2015
PETER LANO; et al., Plaintiffs - Appellants, v. CARNIVAL CORPORATION, and/or its/their subsidiaries, related corporations, agents/servants, and employees; et al., Defendants - Appellees.
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
D.C. No. 2:13-cv-01718-PA-JCG MEMORANDUM Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California
Percy Anderson, District Judge, Presiding
Submitted October 19, 2015 Pasadena, California Before: IKUTA and OWENS, Circuit Judges and SESSIONS, District Judge.
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
The Honorable William K. Sessions III, District Judge for the U.S. District Court for the District of Vermont, sitting by designation.
Plaintiff-appellants Peter Lano, Nancy Lano, David Philbin, Michelle Philbin, Jonathan Philbin, Michael Philbin, and Michelle Goncalves ("plaintiffs") appeal the district court's grant of summary judgment in favor of defendants Carnival Corp., Carnival PLC, and Futura Cruises, Inc. (collectively "Carnival"). We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291.
The Princess Passage Contract applies to passengers on the "Cruise," which is defined to include "any activities, shore excursions, tours, or shoreside facilities related to or offered during the Cruise." There is no genuine dispute that swimming on Grand Turk Island was an "activit[y]... related to... the Cruise." While other provisions in the Passage Contract limit the Carrier's liability for onshore activities, those provisions do not limit the scope of the contract's limitations provision. The Passage Contract therefore applies to the plaintiffs' injuries.
Even if we found the reasoning in Rams v. Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines, Inc. to be persuasive, the contract at issue in that case applied only to "persons travelling under this ticket." 17 F.3d 11, 13 (1st Cir. 1994). Because the Passage Contract does not contain such language, Rams is not applicable here. --------
Because the parties do not dispute that Princess is a subsidiary of Carnival, Carnival meets the definition of "Carrier" in the Passage Contract. Therefore, the Passage Contract's requirement that any lawsuit against the "Carrier" be brought within one year is applicable to plaintiffs' suit. See 46 U.S.C. § 30508(b)(2).
The Passage Contract is binding on the plaintiffs because its terms were reasonably communicated to them. The plaintiffs received copies of the Passage Contract in their pre-cruise packets, and could have read it at their leisure after the cruise. The plaintiffs also had various incentives to study the Passage Contract (e.g., to assess potential claims against Princess). Moreover, the operative provisions do not contain an opaque reference to an obscure body of law. Cf. Wallis v. Princess Cruises, Inc., 306 F.3d 827, 835-36 (9th Cir. 2002). Because the plaintiffs were able to become meaningfully informed of the terms of the ticket, it is irrelevant whether they actually read or understood it. See Oltman v. Holland Am. Line, Inc., 538 F.3d 1271, 1277 (9th Cir. 2008).
The district court properly entered summary judgment in favor of Carnival because the plaintiffs failed to file suit within the one year limitations period applicable to their claims under the Passage Contract.