Opinion
19 Civ. 5097 (AT)
07-15-2020
JOSE R. LACEN, Plaintiff, v. EMTC CAPTAIN AYGEMONG (CLINIC CAPTAIN); JANET RUNCIE RPA C-76 CLINIC; ACHIM HUGGINS M.D. C-76 CLINIC; DAVID ONUORA P.A.; SAI KOLLA, M.D., Defendants.
ORDER :
Plaintiff pro se, Jose R. Lacen, brings this action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 against Defendants, Captain Agyemang, Janet Runcie, P.A., Achim Huggins, M.D., David Onuora, P.A., and Sai Kolla, M.D., alleging that he was subjected to unconstitutional conditions of confinement and inadequate medical care, because he was denied a thicker mattress. See Compl., ECF No. 37; Def. Mem. at 1, ECF No. 43. Defendants move to dismiss the complaint for failure to state a claim pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6). See Def. Mot., ECF No. 42. For the reasons stated below, the motion is GRANTED.
Although the complaint does not reference § 1983 explicitly, upon review of the complaint and in light of Plaintiff's pro se status, the Court construes the complaint to allege a claim under § 1983. See Portillo v. City of New York, No. 17 Civ. 6675, 2020 WL 2836435, at *4 (S.D.N.Y. June 1, 2020).
Capt. Agyemang is sued as "Aygemong." See Def. Mot. at 1 n.1, ECF No. 42. Neither party specifies Capt. Agyemang's first name. See generally Compl.; Def. Mot.; Def. Mem.
BACKGROUND
The following facts are taken from the complaint and "are presumed to be true for purposes of considering a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim." Fin. Guar. Ins. Co. v. Putnam Advisory Co., LLC, 783 F.3d 395, 398 (2d Cir. 2015).
In March of 2018, Plaintiff was serving a one-year sentence at the Eric M. Taylor Center ("EMTC") on Riker's Island. Compl. at 2, 4 6; see also Def. Mem. at 2. Upon admission, Plaintiff had informed medical staff of a spinal surgery that he had in 2017. Compl. at 4. He asked whether he could have a permit for an additional mattress, but was told the request was a sick call issue. Id. On April 4, 2018, Plaintiff went to sick call reporting pain to his lower back due to his mattress and requested that he be provided either an extra mattress or a thicker mattress. Id. Plaintiff also spoke with Capt. Agyemang, who was assigned to the EMTC clinic, about requesting a thicker mattress, and Capt. Agyemang stated that as long as Plaintiff was in EMTC housing unit 9M, Plaintiff would not be provided another mattress. See id. Capt. Agyemang advised Plaintiff to ask for a doctor's note for extra blankets. Id. On July 12, 2018, Plaintiff was seen by Dr. Kolla, a neurologist. Id. Dr. Kolla explained that, because he had not yet reviewed the medical records regarding Plaintiff's prior operations, he could not issue Plaintiff a permit for a special mattress. Id.; see also id. at 7.
The Court refers to the ECF page numbers.
Plaintiff states that he continues to experience "extreme pain and numbness." Id. at 5. Plaintiff further claims that his back condition has worsened, requiring him to use an assistive device due to constant discomfort and pain. Id.
On May 22, 2019, Plaintiff initiated this action, alleging that Defendants subjected him to unconstitutional conditions of confinement and provided inadequate medical care by failing to provide a thicker mattress. ECF No. 2; see also Compl.
DISCUSSION
I. Legal Standard
To survive a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss, a plaintiff must plead sufficient factual allegations in the complaint that, accepted as true, "state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face." Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (quoting Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007) (internal quotation marks omitted)). "A claim has facial plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged." Id.
A plaintiff is not required to provide "detailed factual allegations" in the complaint, but must assert "more than labels and conclusions, and a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action will not do." Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555. Ultimately, the facts pleaded in the complaint "must be enough to raise a right to relief above the speculative level." Id. A court must "accept[] the factual allegations in the complaint as true, and draw[] all reasonable inferences in the plaintiff's favor." Chambers v. Time Warner, Inc., 282 F.3d 147, 152 (2d Cir. 2002).
A court will "liberally construe pleadings and briefs submitted by pro se litigants, reading such submissions to raise the strongest arguments they suggest." Bertin v. United States, 478 F.3d 489, 491 (2d Cir. 2007) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). But a pro se complaint "must still plead sufficient facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face." Wilder v. United States Dep't of Veterans Affairs, 175 F. Supp. 3d 82, 87 (S.D.N.Y. 2016) (quoting Mancuso v. Hynes, 379 F. App'x 60, 61 (2d Cir. 2010) (internal quotation marks omitted)).
In evaluating the motion to dismiss, a court "may consider the facts alleged in the complaint, documents attached to the complaint as exhibits, and documents incorporated by reference in the complaint." Sarafianos v. Shandong Tada Auto-Parking Co., No. 13 Civ. 3895, 2014 WL 3057948, at *1 (S.D.N.Y. July 7, 2014). The Court, therefore, considers the medical records attached to the complaint.
II. Analysis
To state a claim under § 1983, a plaintiff must allege that a person acting under color of state law deprived the plaintiff of federal statutory or constitutional rights. See Rehberg v. Paulk, 566 U.S. 356, 361 (2012). Liberally construed, the complaint asserts two constitutional claims: (1) that the conditions of his confinement were unconstitutional because of the "inadequate mattress" provided to him, Compl. at 4, and (2) that Defendants provided inadequate medical care by depriving him of "medical assistance" in the form of a thicker mattress. Id. at 5. The Court addresses each claim in turn.
A. Conditions of Confinement
"The Eighth Amendment, which applies to the States through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, prohibits the infliction of 'cruel and unusual punishments' on those convicted of crimes." Wilson v. Seiter, 501 U.S. 294, 296-97 (1991) (internal citation omitted). The Eighth Amendment requires that prison officials take "reasonable measures to guarantee the safety of inmates in their custody." Hayes v. N.Y.C. Dep't of Corr., 84 F.3d 614, 620 (2d Cir. 1996); see also Gilmore v. Rivera, No. 13 Civ. 6955, 2014 WL 1998227 at *2 (S.D.N.Y. May 14, 2014) ("Prison officials may neither deprive a prisoner of 'basic human needs, e.g., food, clothing, shelter, medical care, and reasonable safety,' nor expose an inmate to conditions that 'pose an unreasonable risk of serious damage to his future health.'" (quoting Helling v. McKinney, 509 U.S. 25, 32 (1993))).
To state a claim for unconstitutional conditions of confinement under the Eighth Amendment, a plaintiff "must show (1) that the deprivation alleged is 'objectively sufficiently serious' such that the plaintiff was denied 'the minimal civilized measure of life's necessities,' and (2) that the defendant official possessed a 'sufficiently culpable state of mind.'" Trammell v. Keane, 338 F.3d 155, 161 (2d Cir. 2003) (quoting Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 834 (1970); see also Howard v. Brown, No. 15 Civ. 9930, 2018 WL 3611986, at *4 (S.D.N.Y. July 26, 2018). "In prison-conditions cases that state of mind is one of 'deliberate indifference' to inmate health or safety." Farmer, 511 U.S. at 834 (quoting Wilson, 501 U.S. at 302-03).
Specifically, for complaints concerning an inadequate mattress, a plaintiff must allege that: "(1) he had a medical condition requiring a non-standard bed to protect against serious damage to his future health; (2) he made his condition known to the prison officials; (3) he requested a non-standard bed to accommodate the condition; and (4) his request was denied by an official who knew of and disregarded an excessive risk to the plaintiff's health or safety." Santiago v. Comm'r of New York City Corr. Joseph Ponte, No. 14 Civ. 6473, 2016 WL 680823, at *2 (S.D.N.Y. Feb. 18, 2016), report and recommendation adopted sub nom. Santiago v. Ponte, No. 14 Civ. 6473, 2016 WL 4051861 (S.D.N.Y. July 26, 2016).
Plaintiff's medical records indicate that he was prescribed medication and treatment for his back pain, but that his pain worsened. For example, on March 10, 2018, Plaintiff was given Meloxicam. Compl. at 33. On April 8, 2018, P.A. Runcie continued Plaintiff's Meloxicam prescription and referred Plaintiff to neurology. Id. at 30. On April 17, 2018, an x-ray was taken of Plaintiff's lower back, id. at 10, and on April 24, 2018, Plaintiff was assessed at the facility's medical clinic, where Dr. Huggins observed that the x-ray results indicated moderate degenerative arthritis, prompting Dr. Huggins to continue Plaintiff's medication, id. at 24.
"Meloxicam is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that reduces pain, swelling and stiffness of the joints." Moscatello v. Saul, No. 18 Civ. 1395, 2019 WL 4673432, at *4 n.10 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 25, 2019) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).
However, despite these treatments, Plaintiff alleges that his back pain intensified and that he experiences "extreme pain and numbness," in addition to "constant pain and discomfort" because of the inadequate mattress. Compl. at 4-5. Construing Plaintiff's pleadings liberally and interpreting them to raise the strongest arguments that they suggest, see Jorgensen v. Epic/Sony Records, 351 F.3d 46, 50 (2d Cir. 2003), the Court finds that Plaintiff has "plausibly link[ed] the exacerbation of his ailments to the . . . mattress." Daly v. New York City, No. 16 Civ. 6521, 2017 WL 2364360, at *3 (S.D.N.Y. May 30, 2017), report and recommendation adopted sub nom. Daly v. City of New York, No. 16 Civ. 6521, 2017 WL 2963502 (S.D.N.Y. July 11, 2017).
Nevertheless, Plaintiff has failed to state a claim for unconstitutional conditions of confinement, because he does not allege that his request for a different mattress was denied by an official who acted with deliberate indifference. Plaintiff's medical records show that he was seen regularly by medical staff, and that Defendants took various steps to address Plaintiff's back pain. Dr. Huggins, who examined Plaintiff in April 2018, directed that Plaintiff continue taking Neurontin and be referred for exercises to increase core strength, because Plaintiff indicated that he never received physical therapy after surgery. Compl. at 24. Dr. Huggins did not find that Plaintiff's medical condition—moderate degenerative arthritis causing dorsalgia, or lower back pain—required a non-standard bed for treatment. Id. The notes from the examination also indicate that Plaintiff expressed understanding that he needed to be transferred first to a different dorm to get a new mattress. Id. During a different clinic visit, P.A. Onuora informed Plaintiff that "medical does not give mattress[es]," id. at 12, but in an effort to assist Plaintiff, Dr. Huggins spoke with Capt. Agyemang, who called Plaintiff's housing officer and learned that a newer mattress would be provided to Plaintiff when one became available, id. at 27. P.A. Runcie also requested that the Department of Correction provide Plaintiff with an extra blanket to address his back pain. Id. at 15. Finally, in July 2018, Dr. Kolla, a neurologist, conducted a physical examination and continued Plaintiff's Neurontin prescription and prescribed Mobic. Compl. at 7-8; see Def. Mem. at 8.
"Neurontin, also known as Gabapentin, is an antiepileptic drug that is commonly used for treating neuropathic pain, usually defined as pain due to damage to nerves." Allah-Kasiem v. Sidorowicz, 09 Civ. 9665, 2012 WL 2912930, at *6 (S.D.N.Y. July 17, 2012) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).
"Mobic is used to treat arthritis and reduces pain, swelling, and stiffness of the joints." Rodriguez v. Astrue, No. 12 Civ. 4103, 2013 WL 1282363, at *4 (E.D.N.Y. Mar. 28, 2013) (citation omitted). --------
Given the foregoing, the Court concludes that Plaintiff has not alleged Defendants' intentional or wanton disregard of an excessive risk to Plaintiff's health. Santiago, 2016 WL 680823, at *2. Plaintiff went to the clinic six times over approximately seven weeks, where he was prescribed medication, given a referral to a neurologist and a referral for physical therapy, provided an extra blanket, and informed that medical staff lacked the authority to provide him with a different mattress. Capt. Agyemang also inquired into the possibility of providing Plaintiff a different mattress. These actions do not evince deliberate indifference.
Accordingly, Plaintiff's conditions of confinement claim is DISMISSED.
B. Inadequate Medical Care
When a plaintiff serving a sentence alleges the failure to provide adequate medical care, courts must first inquire (1) "whether the prisoner was actually deprived of adequate medical care" and (2) whether the purported deprivation was "sufficiently serious." Salahuddin v. Goord, 467 F.3d 263, 279-80 (2d Cir. 2006). Additionally, as with a conditions of confinement claim, a plaintiff must also allege that the defendant had a "sufficiently culpable state of mind." Id. at 280. "This mental state requires that the charged official act[ed] or fail[ed] to act while actually aware of a substantial risk that serious inmate harm [would] result." Id.
For the reasons stated in the Court's analysis of the conditions of confinement claim, Plaintiff has not adequately alleged Defendants' deliberate indifference. Plaintiff was seen regularly for his back pain by physicians and physician assistants, was prescribed medication, and was offered physical therapy. See generally Compl. at 7-34. Additionally, Capt. Agyemang spoke with the housing officer on Plaintiff's behalf and requested that Plaintiff be provided a thicker mattress once one became available. Id. at 12. Although Plaintiff believes that the treatment he received was an insufficient substitute for the relief he sought—a replacement mattress—"[i]t is well-established that mere disagreement over the proper treatment does not create a constitutional claim." Chance v. Armstrong, 143 F.3d 698, 703 (2d Cir. 1998).
Accordingly, Plaintiff's claim of inadequate medical care is DISMISSED.
C. Municipal Liability
Because Plaintiff fails to plead the existence of a municipal policy or custom pursuant to which Defendants allegedly acted, or that such a policy or custom caused a violation of the Plaintiff's constitutional rights, as required by Monell v. Department of Social Services, Plaintiff has not established a claim against Defendants in their official capacities. 436 U.S. 658, 694 (1978).
Accordingly, Plaintiff's claims against Defendants in their official capacities are DISMISSED.
D. Leave to Amend
The Second Circuit has instructed that a pro se litigant should be afforded at least one opportunity to "amend his complaint prior to its dismissal for failure to state a claim, unless the court can rule out any possibility, however unlikely it might be, that an amended complaint would succeed in stating a claim." Gomez v. USAA Federal Savings Bank, 171 F.3d 794, 796 (2d Cir. 1999) (per curiam). Because Plaintiff's first amended complaint was filed without the benefit of the Court's analysis, the Court will permit Plaintiff the opportunity to file another amended pleading.
CONCLUSION
For the reasons stated above, Defendants' motion to dismiss is GRANTED. By August 31, 2020, Plaintiff shall file any amended complaint.
The Clerk of Court is directed to terminate the motion at ECF No. 42 and to mail a copy of this order to Plaintiff pro se.
SO ORDERED. Dated: July 15, 2020
New York, New York
/s/_________
ANALISA TORRES
United States District Judge