Opinion
No. 2:14-cv-476-EFB P
04-29-2015
ALONZO JOSEPH, Plaintiff, v. S. TSENG, et al., Defendants.
ORDER AND RECOMMENDATION OF DISMISSAL PURSUANT TO 28 U.S.C. § 1915A FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM
Plaintiff is a state prisoner proceeding without counsel in an action brought under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. After a dismissal pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915A, he has filed an amended complaint.
Defendants did not respond to the court's order directing them to complete and return the form indicating either their consent to jurisdiction of the magistrate judge or request for reassignment to a district judge. Accordingly, the clerk will be directed to randomly assign this case to a district judge.
Federal courts must engage in a preliminary screening of cases in which prisoners seek redress from a governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity. 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a). The court must identify cognizable claims or dismiss the complaint, or any portion of the complaint, if the complaint "is frivolous, malicious, or fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted," or "seeks monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief." Id. § 1915A(b).
In dismissing the original complaint with leave to amend (ECF No. 11), the court informed plaintiff of the standards governing his intended claims for relief. Plaintiff's amended complaint fails to correct the deficiencies in his claims. He alleges in his amended complaint (ECF No. 12) that a podiatrist concluded that surgery on plaintiff's foot would "likely" be needed. Plaintiff claims that defendant Horowitz, a doctor at Mule Creek State Prison, denied plaintiff's request for surgery on the ground that it was not medically necessary because she (Horowitz) felt that plaintiff could perform his daily activities. Plaintiff claims that defendant Tseng, the chief physician and surgeon, failed to override Horowitz's denial, and that defendant Smiley, the chief executive officer, failed to monitor plaintiff's medical appeal. Plaintiff alleges that defendants' conduct left him in pain and discomfort and amounted to deliberate indifference in violation of the Eighth Amendment.
The court's initial screening order informed plaintiff of the standards applicable under Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 129 S. Ct. at 1949 and Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555-557. ECF No. 11 at 2-4. Plaintiff was informed that to state a claim his complaint must contain more than "naked assertions," "labels and conclusions" or "a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action." ECF No. 11 at 2 (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555). He was also cautioned that "[t]hreadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory statements do not suffice." ECF No. 11 at 2 (quoting Iqbal, 129 S. Ct. at 1949). After reviewing the complaint, the court found that "the allegations are too vague and conclusory to state a cognizable claim for relief." ECF No. 11 at 2. Plaintiff was instructed that he "must allege with at least some degree of particularity overt acts which defendants engaged in that support plaintiff's claim." Id. As for his specific allegations of defendants conduct, the court explained:
Plaintiff alleges that he has degenerative arthritis and that defendant Dr. Horowitz denied his request for pain medication and foot surgery. He does not allege why Horowitz denied his requests. He also alleges that defendant doctors Tseng and Smiley denied his administrative appeals regarding this issue. He does not allege why either defendant denied his appeals. He concludes, however, that their actions amounted to deliberate indifference to his serious medical needs in violation of the Eighth Amendment. Plaintiff also claims that Dr. Smiley is liable as a doctor's supervisor.ECF No. 11 at 3. The court explained that plaintiff may not sue an official on the theory that the official is liable for the unconstitutional conduct of his or her subordinates, id. (citing Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 129 S. Ct. 1937, 1948 (2009)), and added that "[i]n sum, plaintiff must identify the particular person or persons who violated his rights. He must also plead facts showing how that particular person was involved in the alleged violation." ECF No. 11 at 3. It was made clear to plaintiff that "[a]n individual defendant is not liable on a civil rights claim unless the facts establish the defendant's personal involvement in the constitutional deprivation or a causal connection between the defendant's wrongful conduct and the alleged constitutional deprivation." Id., (citing Hansen v. Black, 885 F.2d 642, 646 (9th Cir. 1989); and Johnson v. Duffy, 588 F.2d 740, 743-44 (9th Cir. 1978)).
As to his claims of deliberate indifference involving Tseng and Smiley, the screening order made clear that plaintiff may not impose liability on defendants "simply because they played a role in processing plaintiff's inmate appeals." ECF No. 11 at 3 (citing Buckley v. Barlow, 997 F.2d 494, 495 (8th Cir. 1993) (an administrative "grievance procedure is a procedural right only, it does not confer any substantive right upon the inmates. Hence, it does not give rise to a protected liberty interest requiring the procedural protections envisioned by the fourteenth amendment. . . . Thus, defendants' failure to process any of Buckley's grievances, without more, is not actionable under section 1983." (internal quotations omitted))).
Plaintiff has not cured those deficiencies. Once again, the allegations in the amended complaint improperly assert liability as to defendants Tseng and Smiley simply because of their alleged roles as a supervisor and a reviewer of plaintiff's inmate appeals. The allegations also fail to demonstrate that any defendant acted with the requisite state of mind for an Eighth Amendment violation. The result is that plaintiff again relies on "[t]hreadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory statements [which] do not suffice." Iqbal, 129 S. Ct. at 1949. Though labeled by plaintiff as such, the allegations do not demonstrate that Horowitz's decision to deny plaintiff's request for foot surgery amounted to deliberate indifference. Rather, the facts alleged demonstrate that the decision was based on her own professional medical opinion, and not a conscious disregard to plaintiff's health and safety.
Although a podiatrist allegedly determined that plaintiff "will likely require surgical intervention," ECF No. 12 at 5, plaintiff himself points out that Horowitz considered that opinion but ultimately "determined surgery was snot medically necessary. . . ." Id. The complaint is devoid of any allegations showing that Horowitz made that medical judgment out of indifference to plaintiff's medical needs or was ignoring an obvious and urgent need for surgery, or that plaintiff was harmed because ultimately the surgery was not ordered. Plaintiff has merely alleged a disagreement with the medical opinion of Horowitz and treatment that plaintiff received from the doctors at Mule Creek State Prison, which does not amount to deliberate indifference. Franklin v. Oregon, 662 F.2d 1337, 1344 (9th Cir. 1981). For these reasons, the complaint must be dismissed for failure to state a claim.
Despite notice of the complaint's deficiencies and an opportunity to amend, plaintiff is unable to state a proper claim for relief. Therefore, this action must be dismissed without leave to amend for failure to state a claim upon which relief could be granted. See Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1129 (9th Cir. 2000) ("Under Ninth Circuit case law, district courts are only required to grant leave to amend if a complaint can possibly be saved. Courts are not required to grant leave to amend if a complaint lacks merit entirely."); see also Doe v. United States, 58 F.3d 494, 497 (9th Cir. 1995) ("[A] district court should grant leave to amend even if no request to amend the pleading was made, unless it determines that the pleading could not be cured by the allegation of other facts.").
Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that the Clerk of the Court shall randomly assign a United States District Judge to this action.
Further, IT IS HEREBY RECOMMENDED that the amended complaint (ECF No. 12) be dismissed for failure to state a claim upon which relief may be granted and that the Clerk be directed to close the case.
These findings and recommendations are submitted to the United States District Judge assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(l). Within fourteen days after being served with these findings and recommendations, any party may file written objections with the court and serve a copy on all parties. Such a document should be captioned "Objections to Magistrate Judge's Findings and Recommendations." Any response to the objections shall be served and filed within fourteen days after service of the objections. The parties are advised that failure to file objections within the specified time may waive the right to appeal the District Court's order. Turner v. Duncan, 158 F.3d 449, 455 (9th Cir. 1998); Martinez v. Ylst, 951 F.2d 1153 (9th Cir. 1991). DATED: April 29, 2015.
/s/_________
EDMUND F. BRENNAN
UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE