Opinion
No. 03-56903. D.C. No. CV-02-01989-TJW.
Argued January 12, 2005 Submitted March 13, 2007 Pasadena, California.
March 14, 2007.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of California Thomas J. Whelan, District Judge, Presiding.
Before: REINHARDT, GOULD, CLIFTON, Circuit Judges,
SUPPLEMENTAL MEMORANDUM
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
On February 1, 2005, we affirmed the district court's order dismissing Jefferson's habeas petition in a memorandum disposition on the basis of the sole certified issue of juror prejudice. Jefferson v. Scribner, 121 Fed. Appx. 225 (9th Cir. Feb. 1, 2005). A copy of that disposition is attached hereto and incorporated herein. On February 23, 2005, however, we recalled the mandate, and on August 26, 2005, we granted Jefferson's motion to expand the certificate of appealability and requested supplemental briefing on the following question: "Whether the introduction of the victim's out-of-court statements as evidence against Petitioner violated his Sixth Amendment right to confrontation?"
On November 17, 2005, Judge Gould was drawn as a replacement on the panel for Hon. Charles R. Weiner, Senior District Judge for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, who sat by designation on the panel that heard arguments on January 12, 2005 and filed the February 1, 2005 memorandum, but is now deceased.
In his supplemental brief, Jefferson argues that the admission of out-of-court testimonial statements violated his rights under the Confrontation Clause, as interpreted by Crawford v. Washington, 541 U. S. 36 (2004), and that, based on our holding in Bockting v. Bayer, 399 F.3d 1010, as amended, 408 F.3d 1127 (9th Cir. 2005), the new rule adopted in Crawford applies retroactively to Jefferson's collateral proceeding. He also argues that the victims' statements were not admissible based on pre- Crawford Confrontation Clause principles because the statements lacked reliability. Subsequent to our receipt of the supplemental briefing, the Supreme Court granted a writ of certiorari in Bockting, and we deferred submission of the case pending the Supreme Court's determination.
On February 28, 2007, the Supreme Court reversed our decision in Bockting, and held that Crawford is not "retroactive to cases already final on direct review." Whorton v. Bockting, No. 05-595, slip op. at 1 (Feb. 28, 2007). Because direct review of Jefferson's conviction became final prior to Crawford, we cannot retroactively apply Crawford to Jefferson's Confrontation Clause claim. Id.
Applying the rules set forth by the Court prior to Crawford, we hold that the state court's conclusion that Newell's statements — uttered after he was shot by Jefferson and while he was still badly bleeding — qualified as spontaneous statements that are reliable and satisfy the Confrontation Clause, was not contrary to or an unreasonable application of "clearly established Federal law, as determined by the Supreme Court of the United States." 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(1); see also White v. Illinois, 502 U.S. 346, 355-56 n. 8 (1992) (stating that the spontaneous statement hearsay exception is "firmly rooted," and, therefore, testimony admitted under this exemption satisfies the Confrontation Clause's reliability requirement).
Accordingly, the district court's denial of the petition is
AFFIRMED.