Opinion
Case No.: 3:19cv13/MCR/EMT
01-14-2019
CLARENCE DWAYNE JACOBS, FDOC Inmate No. L52375, Plaintiff, v. WARDEN W. CLEMMONS, et al., Defendants.
REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION
Plaintiff Clarence Dwayne Jacobs ("Jacobs"), an inmate of the Florida Department of Corrections proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis, commenced this civil rights case by filing a Complaint on January 2, 2019 (see ECF No. 1). The case was referred to the undersigned for the issuance of all preliminary orders and any recommendations to the district court regarding dispositive matters. See N.D. Fla. Loc. R. 72.2(C); see also 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(B), (C); Fed. R. Civ. P. 72(b). Upon consideration, for the reasons given below, the court recommends that this action be dismissed.
Jacobs names seven members of the correctional and medical staff at Santa Rosa Correctional Institution Annex as Defendants (ECF No. 1 at 1-2). Jacobs alleges Defendants violated his Eighth Amendment rights by physically and sexually assaulting him and starving him in June of 2018 (id. at 5-7). Jacobs alleges Defendants' conduct caused him pain, suffering, and "life altering injurys [sic]" (id. at 7). He seeks injunctive relief (i.e., that Defendants be disciplined for abusing their authority) and compensatory damages in the amount of $200,000 (id.).
Because Jacobs was a prisoner proceeding in forma pauperis when he commenced this action, the court must review the Complaint and dismiss it if satisfied that the action is frivolous or malicious, fails to state a claim on which relief may be granted, or seeks monetary relief against a defendant who is immune from such relief. See 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915(e)(2)(B), 1915A. A plaintiff's affirmative misrepresentation regarding his prior litigation history, when the complaint form required disclosure of such history and the plaintiff's statements were made under penalty of perjury, constitutes abuse of the judicial process warranting dismissal of the case without prejudice as "malicious" under §§ 1915(e)(2)(B) 1915A(b)(1). See Rivera v. Allin, 144 F.3d 719, 731 (11th Cir. 1998), abrogated in part on other grounds by Jones v. Bock, 549 U.S. 199, 127 S. Ct. 910, 166 L. Ed. 2d 798 (2007); see also, e.g., Sears v. Haas, 509 F. App'x 935, 935-36 (11th Cir. 2013) (unpublished) (dismissal of action without prejudice as malicious for abuse of judicial process was warranted where inmate failed to disclose case he had filed against prison officials just five months earlier, and failed to disclose another case he filed six years earlier that had been dismissed prior to service for failure to state a claim); Harris v. Warden, 498 F. App'x 962, 964-65 (11th Cir. 2012) (unpublished) (dismissal of action without prejudice for abuse of judicial process was warranted where inmate made no attempt to disclose his prior cases in his original and amended complaints); Jackson v. Fla. Dep't of Corr., 491 F. App'x 129, 132-33 (11th Cir. 2012) (unpublished) (dismissal of action without prejudice as malicious for prisoner plaintiff's abuse of judicial process was warranted where plaintiff failed to disclose existence of one prior case, and disclosed existence of another prior case but still failed to disclose that it was dismissed as frivolous, malicious, failing to state a claim, or prior to service); Redmon v. Lake Cnty. Sheriff's Office, 414 F. App'x 221, 226 (11th Cir. 2011) (unpublished) (prisoner's failure to disclose previous lawsuit filed in district court while he was a prisoner constituted abuse of judicial process warranting sanction of dismissal of his pro se § 1983 action, because prisoner's misrepresentation was not excused by his explanation that he misunderstood complaint form on which he represented, under penalty of perjury, that he did not file any prior lawsuits with similar facts or otherwise relating to his imprisonment or conditions of imprisonment); Shelton v. Rohrs, 406 F. App'x 340, 340-41 (11th Cir. 2010) (unpublished) (affirming dismissal of action without prejudice for prisoner plaintiff's abuse of judicial process where plaintiff failed to disclose four previous civil actions; even if prisoner did not have access to his legal materials, he would have known that he filed multiple previous lawsuits); Young v. Sec'y for Dep't of Corr., 380 F. App'x 939, 940-41 (11th Cir. 2010) (unpublished) (district court did not abuse its discretion when it sanctioned Florida prisoner proceeding in forma pauperis by dismissing his civil rights lawsuit sua sponte for not disclosing all of the information that was known to him with regard to his prior cases, even though prisoner could not afford to pay copying and certification costs charged by Florida state courts and he no longer had documents necessary to answer fully due to FDOC rule prohibiting possession of "excess legal material"); Hood v. Tompkins, 197 F. App'x 818, 819 (11th Cir. 2006) (unpublished) (dismissal of pro se state inmate's § 1983 action as sanction for providing false answers to unambiguous questions on complaint form regarding prior lawsuits was not an abuse of discretion, even though inmate conceded in his objections to magistrate judge's report and recommendation that his disclosures were incomplete; to allow inmate to continue with suit would have served to overlook his abuse of judicial process).
In general, a dismissal without prejudice does not amount to an abuse of discretion. See Dynes v. Army Air Force Exch. Serv., 720 F.2d 1495, 1499 (11th Cir. 1983) (holding that dismissal without prejudice, even for a minor violation of a court order, was not an abuse of discretion). Such a dismissal should be allowed absent some plain prejudice other than the mere prospect of a second lawsuit. See Kotzen v. Levine, 678 F.2d 140 (11th Cir. 1982).
Having conducted a thorough review, the court is satisfied that this action is malicious and thus recommends dismissal under 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915(e)(2)(B)(i), 1915A(b)(1). Section IV of the complaint form requires Jacobs to disclose information regarding prior civil cases he filed in state and federal court (ECF No. 3 at 3-5). Question C of Section IV asks whether Jacobs initiated other actions in either state or federal court that relate to the fact or manner of his incarceration or the conditions of his confinement, including civil rights complaints about any aspect of prison life (id. at 3). Jacobs responded "No" to this question (id.). Question D of Section IV asks, "Have you ever had any actions in federal court dismissed as frivolous, malicious, failing to state a claim, or prior to service? If so, identify each and every case so dismissed" (id. at 4). Jacobs again responded "No" (id.). Jacobs thus stated he has not initiated any other actions in federal court that related to the conditions of his confinement (including civil rights complaints about any aspect of prison life), and he has never had any actions in federal court dismissed as frivolous, malicious, failing to state a claim, or prior to service. At the end of the civil rights complaint form, Jacobs signed his name after the following statement on the form: "I DECLARE UNDER PENALTY OF PERJURY THAT THE FOREGOING STATEMENTS OF FACT, INCLUDING ALL CONTINUATION PAGES, ARE TRUE AND CORRECT" (id. at 7).
As routinely recognized by this court, the information from Section IV of the form is useful to the court in many ways:
. . . it allows efficient consideration of whether the prisoner is entitled to pursue the current action under the "three strikes" provision of the Prison Litigation Reform Act; it allows consideration of whether the action is related to, or otherwise should be considered in conjunction with or by the same judge who presided over, another action; it allows consideration of whether any ruling in the other action affects the prisoner's current case. All of these things are appropriately considered in connection with the preliminary review of such a complaint under the Prison Litigation Reform Act.Spires v. Taylor, Order of Dismissal, Case No. 3:00cv249/RH (N.D. Fla. Oct. 27, 2000). Further, because prisoner plaintiffs generally proceed pro se, the information helps the court determine their litigation experience and familiarity with the legal terrain of the current action. The time spent verifying the cases a plaintiff has filed but failed to identify, as well as the dispositions of those cases, can be considerable.
The court takes judicial notice that prior to Jacobs' commencing the instant case on January 2, 2019, he filed Jacobs v. Allen, Case No. 1:15cv21281-UU, in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida. See Jacobs v. Allen, Case No. 1:15cv21281-UU, Complaint, ECF No. 1 (S.D. Fla. Apr. 2, 2015). Jacobs named Mack Allen, the chaplain employed at Dade Correctional Institution, as the sole Defendant. See id. Jacobs claimed that Chaplain Allen violated his First Amendment rights by failing to provide him "Passover supplies." See id. The federal court dismissed the Complaint for failure to state a claim, and provided Jacobs an opportunity to file an amended complaint. See Jacobs v. Allen, Case No. 1:15cv21281-UU, Order on Magistrate Report, ECF No. 8 (S.D. Fla. Apr. 28, 2015). In response, Jacobs filed a notice of voluntary dismissal. See Jacobs v. Allen, Case No. 1:15cv21281-UU, Notice of Voluntary Dismissal, ECF No. 9 (S.D. Fla. May 1, 2015). The court dismissed the case prior to service. See Jacobs v. Allen, Case No. 1:15cv21281-UU, Administrative Order, ECF No. 10 (S.D. Fla. May 18, 2015). This case was responsive to Questions C and D of Section IV of the complaint form, but Jacobs failed to identify the case in response to either of those questions, or any other question regarding his litigation history.
The FDOC inmate number of the plaintiff in the above-listed case is the same as Jacobs'.
The court has authority to control and manage matters such as this case pending before it, and Jacobs' pro se status does not excuse him from conforming to acceptable standards in approaching the court. If the court cannot rely on the statements or responses made by the parties, the quality of justice is threatened. The court will not tolerate false responses or statements in any pleading or motion filed before it. Here, Jacobs falsely responded to a question on the complaint form, as detailed above. Jacobs knew, or from reading the complaint form should have known, that disclosure of his prior action(s) was required and that dismissal of this action may result from his untruthful answers. If Jacobs suffered no penalty for his untruthful response, there would be little or no disincentive for his attempt to evade or undermine the purpose of the form. Furthermore, if word spread around the prisons that the questions on the complaint form could be circumvented in such a manner, the court might be confronted with widespread abuse from its many prisoner litigants. Therefore, this court should not allow Jacobs' false responses to go unpunished.
Indeed, section IV of the complaint form includes the following notice: "FAILURE TO DISCLOSE ALL PRIOR CIVIL CASES MAY RESULT IN THE DISMISSAL OF THIS CASE. IF YOU ARE UNSURE OF ANY PRIOR CASES YOU HAVE FILED, THAT FACT MUST BE DISCLOSED AS WELL." (see ECF No. 1 at 3) (emphasis and capitalization in original).
The court recommends that an appropriate sanction for Jacobs' abuse of the judicial process in not providing the court with true factual statements or responses is to dismiss this cause without prejudice., See Rivera, 144 F.3d at 731 (dismissal of an action without prejudice as a sanction for a pro se prisoner's failure to disclose the existence of a prior lawsuit, where that prisoner was under penalty of perjury, is proper); Spires, Case No. 3:00cv249/RH, Order (N.D. Fla. Oct. 27, 2000) ("Dismissal without prejudice is not too severe a sanction under these circumstances."). Jacobs should also be warned that such false responses, filed herein or filed in the future, will not be ignored and may result in more severe and long-term sanctions. See Warren v. Guelker, 29 F.3d 1386, 1389 (9th Cir. 1994) (per curiam) (pro se, in forma pauperis prisoner's misrepresentation about previous lawsuits may violate Rule 11).
Providing Jacobs an opportunity to amend his complaint to disclose the previous lawsuit which he failed to identify would equate to overlooking his abuse of the judicial process. See Hood, 197 F. App'x at 819. Amendment would not change the fact that Jacobs failed to disclose all of the cases he was required to disclose, despite his knowledge that accurate disclosure of his litigation history on the complaint form was required and that dismissal of the instant action may result from his untruthful answers to the questions in Section IV of the complaint form.
A dismissal without prejudice does not equate to a dismissal with prejudice due to a statute of limitations issue. The statute of limitations for claims under § 1983 is four years. See Chappell v. Rich, 340 F.3d 1279, 1283 (11th Cir. 2003) (four-year statute of limitations for § 1983 claims for which Florida is the forum state). Jacobs alleges the conduct of the named Defendants occurred less than one year ago (see ECF No. 1 at 5-6). He thus has more than adequate time to file another civil rights action. --------
Accordingly, it respectfully RECOMMENDED:
1. That this case be DISMISSED WITHOUT PREJUDICE as malicious, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915(e)(2)(B)(i), 1915A(b)(1);
2. That the clerk enter judgment accordingly and close this case.
At Pensacola, Florida, this 14th day of January 2019.
/s/ Elizabeth M. Timothy
ELIZABETH M. TIMOTHY
CHIEF UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
NOTICE TO THE PARTIES
Objections to these proposed findings and recommendations must be filed within fourteen (14) days after being served a copy thereof. Any different deadline that may appear on the electronic docket is for the court's internal use only , and does not control. A copy of objections shall be served upon all other parties. If a party fails to object to the magistrate judge's findings or recommendations as to any particular claim or issue contained in a report and recommendation, that party waives the right to challenge on appeal the district court's order based on the unobjected-to factual and legal conclusions. See 11th Cir. Rule 3-1; 28 U.S.C. § 636.