Opinion
No. 2014-M-00623
11-27-2018
DAVID JACKSON A/K/A DAVID DONNELL JACKSON Petitioner v. STATE OF MISSISSIPPI Respondent
Serial: 221617 EN BANC ORDER
Now before the Court, en banc, comes the Application for Leave to Proceed in the Trial Court filed pro se by David Jackson. Jackson's conviction of possession of cocaine with the intent to distribute and sentence of thirty years as a habitual offender were affirmed on direct appeal, and the mandate issued on March 20, 2001. Jackson v. State , 778 So. 2d 786 (Miss. Ct. App. 2001). Since that time, Jackson has filed fourteen motions for post-conviction relief, and he has received two monetary sanctions, now totaling $300, for his frivolous motions. Those sanctions are still outstanding.
We find the instant application for leave is barred by time and as a successive application, and it does not meet any of the exception to the bars. Miss. Code Ann. §§ 99-39-5(2), 99-39-27(9) (Rev. 2015). Notwithstanding the bars, the claims raised in the application are without merit. Accordingly, the application for leave should be dismissed.
We find the instant filing is also frivolous. Jackson is hereby warned that future filings deemed frivolous may result not only in additional monetary sanctions, but also restrictions on filing applications for post-conviction collateral relief (or pleadings in that nature) in forma pauperis. See En Banc Order, Fairley v. State , 2014-M-01185 (Miss. May 3, 2018) (citing Order, Bownes v. State , 2014-M-00478 (Miss. Sept. 20, 2017)).
Jackson has also filed a motion seeking to proceed in this matter despite his outstanding sanctions. In light of this order and the warning regarding future frivolous filings given herein, the Court finds the motion to proceed despite sanctions should be dismissed as moot.
IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that the Application for Leave to Proceed in the Trial Court is hereby dismissed.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the Motion to Proceed as a Sanctioned Litigant is hereby dismissed as moot.
SO ORDERED, this the 27th day of November, 2018.
/s/ William L. Waller, Jr.
WILLIAM L. WALLER, JR.,
CHIEF JUSTICE
FOR THE COURT AGREE: WALLER, C.J., RANDOLPH, P.J., COLEMAN, MAXWELL, BEAM, CHAMBERLIN, AND ISHEE, JJ. KING, J., OBJECTS TO THE ORDER IN PART WITH SEPARATE WRITTEN STATEMENT JOINED BY KITCHENS, P.J.
DAVID JACKSON A/K/A DAVID DONNELL JACKSON
v.
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
KING, JUSTICE, OBJECTING TO THE ORDER IN PART WITH SEPARATE WRITTEN STATEMENT: ¶1. Although I find no merit in Jackson's application for post-conviction relief, I disagree with the Court's finding that the application is frivolous and with the warning that future filings deemed frivolous may result in monetary sanctions or restrictions on filing applications for post-conviction collateral relief in forma pauperis. ¶2. This Court previously has defined a frivolous motion to mean one filed in which the movant has "no hope of success." Roland v. State , 666 So. 2d 747, 751 (Miss. 1995). However, "though a case may be weak or 'light-headed,' that is not sufficient to label it frivolous." Calhoun v. State , 849 So. 2d 892, 897 (Miss. 2003). Jackson made reasonable arguments in his motion for post-conviction relief. As such, I disagree with the Court's determination that Jackson's application is frivolous. ¶3. This Court seems to tire of reading motions that it deems "frivolous" and imposes monetary sanctions on indigent defendants. The Court then bars those defendants, who in all likelihood are unable to pay the imposed sanctions, from future filings. In choosing to prioritize efficiency over justice, this Court forgets the oath that each justice took before assuming office. That oath stated in relevant part, "I . . . solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will administer justice without respect to persons, and do equal right to the poor and to the rich. . . ." ¶4. I disagree with this Court's warning that future filings may result in additional monetary sanctions or restrictions on filing applications for post-conviction collateral relief in forma pauperis. This Court previously has sanctioned Jackson twice in the total amount of $300. The imposition of monetary sanctions upon a criminal defendant proceeding in forma pauperis only serves to punish or preclude that defendant from his lawful right to appeal. Black's Law Dictionary defines sanction as "[a] provision that gives force to a legal imperative by either rewarding obedience or punishing disobedience." Sanction, Black's Law Dictionary (10th ed. 2014) (emphasis added). Instead of punishing the defendant for filing a motion, I believe that this Court should simply deny or dismiss motions which lack merit. As Justice Brennan wisely stated,
The Court's order purports to be motivated by this litigant's disproportionate consumption of the Court's time and resources. Yet if his filings are truly as repetitious as it appears, it hardly takes much time to identify them as such. I find it difficult to see how the amount of time and resources required to deal properly with McDonald's petitions could be so great as to justify the step we now take. Indeed, the time that has been consumed in the preparation of the present order barring the door to Mr. McDonald far exceeds that which would have been necessary to process his petitions for the next several years at least. I continue to find puzzling the Court's fervor in ensuring that rights granted to the poor are not abused, even when so doing actually increases the drain on our limited resources.In re McDonald , 489 U.S. 180, 186-87, 109 S. Ct. 993, 997, 103 L. Ed. 2d 158 (1989) (Brennan, J., dissenting) (per curiam). ¶5. The same logic applies to the restriction on filing subsequent applications for post-conviction relief. To cut off an indigent defendant's right to proceed in forma pauperis is to cut off his access to the courts. This, in itself, violates a defendant's constitutional rights, for
Among the rights recognized by the Court as being fundamental are the rights to be free from invidious racial discrimination, to marry, to practice their religion, to communicate with free persons, to have due process in disciplinary proceedings, and to be free from cruel and unusual punishment. As a result of the recognition of these and other rights, the right of access to courts, which is necessary to vindicate all constitutional rights, also became a fundamental right.Joseph T. Lukens, The Prison Litigation Reform Act: Three Strikes and You're Out of Court-It May Be Effective, but Is It Constitutional?, 70 Temp. L. Rev. 471, 474-75 (1997). This Court must not discourage convicted defendants from exercising their right to appeal. Wisconsin v. Glick , 782 F.2d 670, 673 (7th Cir. 1986). Novel arguments that might remove a criminal defendant from confinement should not be discouraged by the threat of monetary sanctions and restrictions on filings. Id. As United States Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall stated,
In closing its doors today to another indigent litigant, the Court moves ever closer to the day when it leaves an indigent litigant with a meritorious claim out in the cold. And with each barrier that it places in the way of indigent litigants, and with each instance in which it castigates such litigants for having "abused the system," . . . the Court can only reinforce in the hearts and minds of our society's less fortunate members the unsettling message that their pleas are not welcome here.In re Demos , 500 U.S. 16, 19, 111 S. Ct. 1569, 1571, 114 L. Ed. 2d 20 (1991) (Marshall, J., dissenting). ¶6. Instead of simply denying or dismissing those motions which lack merit, the Court seeks to punish the defendant for the frequency of his motion filing. However, an individual who, even incorrectly, believes that she has been deprived of her freedom should not be expected to sit silently by and wait to be forgotten. "Historically, the convictions with the best chances of being overturned were those that got repeatedly reviewed on appeal or those chosen by legal institutions such as the Innocence Project and the Center on Wrongful Convictions." Emily Barone, The Wrongly Convicted: Why more falsely accused people are being exonerated today than ever before, Time, http://time.com/wrongly-convicted/ (last visited November 1, 2018) (emphasis added). The Washington Post reports that
the average time served for the 1,625 exonerated individuals in the registry is more than nine years. Last year, three innocent murder defendants in Cleveland were exonerated 39 years after they were convicted—they spent their entire adult lives in prison—and even they were lucky: We know without doubt that the vast majority of innocent defendants who are convicted of crimes are never identified and cleared.Samuel Gross, Opinion, The Staggering Number of Wrongful Convictions in America, Washington Post (July 24, 2015), http://wapo.st/1SGHcyd?tid=ss_mail&utm_term=.4bed8ad6f2cc. Rather than imposing sanctions and threatening to restrict access to the courts, I would simply dismiss or deny motions which lack merit. Therefore, although I find no merit in Jackson's application for post-conviction relief and agree it should be denied, I disagree with this Court's contention that the application merits the classification of frivolous and with its warning of future sanctions and restrictions.
KITCHENS, P.J., JOINS THIS SEPARATE WRITTEN STATEMENT.
See Order, Dunn v. State, 2016-M-01514-SCT (Miss. Nov. 15, 2018).