Opinion
No. 06-04-00067-CV
Submitted: June 16, 2005.
Decided: July 8, 2005.
On Appeal from the 71st Judicial District Court Harrison County, Texas, Trial Court No. 02-0133.
Before MORRISS, C.J., ROSS and CARTER, JJ.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
After divorce was decreed between Bobby Joe Tompkins and Betty Faye Tompkins, efforts to sell the marital home and to divide the marital estate produced numerous disputes and, ultimately, this appeal. Bobby has, for the third time, filed a post-judgment attack on one of the trial court's orders regarding the divorce from Betty. In this appeal from the trial court's order of final accounting, Bobby, acting pro se, essentially argues that (1) the trial court abused its discretion in dividing the marital estate, (2) Anne Shields (the purchaser of the marital residence) should be ordered to pay Bobby for the timber crop that was growing on the marital estate at the time of the sale, (3) Betty should be ordered to pay a portion of Bobby's federal income taxes (as was ordered by the divorce decree), and (4) the trial court erred by admitting the testimony of Betty's expert witness. We overrule each issue and affirm the trial court's judgment.
Betty did not petition the trial court to change her name. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 45.102 (Vernon Supp. 2004-2005). To avoid confusion that might be caused by referring to the former spouses by their surnames, we refer to the appellant as "Bobby" and the appellee as "Betty."
Bobby has previously filed two bills of review and one appeal. The first bill of review was dismissed by the agreement of the parties after Bobby convinced Betty to give him a larger portion of the marital estate than what he had previously received. Bobby subsequently filed a second bill of review. The trial court denied that bill of review, and, on appeal, this Court affirmed. See Tompkins v. Tompkins, No. 06-03-00067-CV, 2003 Tex. App. LEXIS 10860 (Tex.App.-Texarkana Dec. 30, 2003, no pet.) (mem. op.) (not designated for publication) (hereinafter " Tompkins I").
To provide context for this appeal, we first provide some of the considerable procedural history of this case. Post-divorce, the trial court ultimately appointed a receiver, Donna Smart (a licensed realtor), to sell the Tompkinses' marital residence because Betty and Bobby could not agree on a sales price and because the parties had had a difficult time getting it sold. Pursuant to an order of the trial court dated April 1, 2004, the receiver, on April 13, 2004, sold the marital residence — which sat on 42 acres, on part of which timber grew. On April 26, 2004, the trial court received evidence and heard argument regarding a final accounting of Bobby and Betty's marital estate. On June 8, 2004, the trial court signed an "Order of Final Account and Discharge of Receiver and Payment of Monies." The trial court's order included the following specific findings:
The Court finds that . . . $249,319.29 of proceeds received in this matter[, less] bills and amounts specified in the Nunc Pro Tunc Final Decree of Divorce [in] the total of $152,311.54[, leaves] the sum of $97,007.75 which shall be divided between the parties.
The Court also heard the evidence and the argument of counsel with regard to the claim filed by Anne Shields against the Receiver in this cause for breach of contract. The Court finds . . . the record in this case demonstrates that the Receiver because of the actions of Bobby Tompkins breached her contract with Anne Shields. The Court determines that Anne Shields sustained damages in the amount of Ten Thousand and No/100 Dollars ($10,000), and further finds that Anne Shields incurred the sum of Two Thousand and No/100 Dollars ($2,000.00) as attorney's fees. The Court further finds that the judgment rendered against the Receiver in this cause should be paid from the funds held by the Receiver pursuant to Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code § 64.053.
. . . .
The Court finds that reasonable and necessary attorney's fees were incurred by Betty Faye Tompkins in post judgment pursuit of this matter in the sum of $10,000.00 and these fees were incurred as the result of the conduct of Bobby Joe Tompkins.
The Court finds that reasonable and necessary attorney's fees were incurred by the receiver for the services of her attorney, Scott E. Stevens, and those services are in the amount of $7835.00. The Court further finds that the receiver incurred expenses for travel, payment of delinquent taxes, and a garbage cleanup fee and said expenses total $1046.18. Therefore the Court finds that the total costs due and owing to receiver are $8881.18.
The Court finds that Betty Faye Tompkins advanced the sum of $2000.00 to the receiver for expenses on the property during the course of the receivership which should have been divided between the parties but was not. Therefore the Court finds that Betty Faye Tompkins is entitled to reimbursement of said funds in the sum of $1000.00.
IT IS ORDERED that Bobby Joe Tompkins's one-half of the remaining proceeds is in the amount of $48,503.88 and from his $48,503.88 the following sums shall be paid:
1. the sum of $8881.18 shall be paid to Donna Burnett-Smart, receiver, for expenses and attorney's fees incurred by virtue of actions necessary to undertake due to the conduct of Bobby J. Tompkins and the sum of $8881.18 shall be paid from Bobby Joe Tompkins's one-half of the remaining proceeds to Donna Burnett-Smart for reimbursement of expenses;
2. the sum of $1,000.00 shall be paid to reimburse Betty Faye Tompkins for one-half of the monies she advanced to the receiver for expenses on the property during sale and the sum of $1000.00 shall be paid from Bobby Joe Tompkins's one-half of the remaining proceeds to Betty Faye Tompkins for reimbursement of advanced funds;
3. the sum of $10,000.00 shall be reimbursed to Betty Faye Tompkins for the aforementioned attorney's fees and the sum of $10,000.00 shall be paid from Bobby Joe Tompkins's one-half of the remaining proceeds to Betty Faye Tompkins for reimbursement of attorney's fees; and
4. one-half of the sum awarded to Anne Shields in the judgment above which total the sum of Six Thousand and no/100 ($6,000.00) shall be paid to Anne Shields from Bobby Tompkins [sic] remaining proceeds held in receivership.
THEREFORE IT IS ORDERED that the receiver shall write and distribute a check to Bobby Joe Tompkins in the sum of $22,622.70.(1) No Abuse of Discretion Occurred in the Division of the Marital Estate
In his first point of error, Bobby contends the trial court unjustly divided the marital estate. He complains about three specific deductions from his portion of the marital estate: (A) one-half of Shields' damages for the breach of contract claim, (B) all of Smart's expenses and attorney's fees associated with defending that breach of contract claim, and (C) all of Betty's attorney's fees related to Bobby's previous appeal in this case. We address each complaint and find no abuse of discretion in the division of the marital estate.
(A) Assessing Against Bobby One-Half of Shields' Damages for Breach of Contract Was Proper
"In a decree of divorce or annulment, the court shall order a division of the estate of the parties in a manner that the court deems just and right, having due regard for the rights of each party and any children of the marriage." TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 7.001 (Vernon 1998). "This provision does not obligate the court to divide the property equally." In re Marriage of Scott, 117 S.W.3d 580, 584 (Tex.App.-Amarillo 2003, no pet.). "A trial court has broad discretion as to the division of marital property and, absent clear abuse of that discretion, an appellate court will not disturb a lower court's judgment." In re Marriage of Morris, 123 S.W.3d 864, 867 (Tex.App.-Texarkana 2003, no pet.). "A trial court abuses its discretion when it divides property on values that are not in evidence" or is otherwise manifestly unjust. Id. (citing Martin v. Martin, 797 S.W.2d 347, 351 (Tex.App.-Texarkana 1990, no writ)); O'Carolan v. Hopper, 71 S.W.3d 529, 532 (Tex.App.-Austin 2002, no pet.). This means that a trial court need not divide the assets or debts of a marital estate in an equal manner, so long as the division is not manifestly unjust.
A trial court has broad discretion to appoint a receiver in a divorce case. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 6.502(a)(5) (Vernon Supp. 2004-2005). Our law provides that a receiver who holds property in a receivership "may be sued in his official capacity in a court of competent jurisdiction without permission of the appointing court." TEX. CIV. PRAC. REM. CODE ANN. § 64.052 (Vernon 1997). If a judgment is won against a receiver, "[t]he court that appointed [the] receiver shall order any judgment against the receiver to be paid from funds held by the receiver." TEX. CIV. PRAC. REM. CODE ANN. § 64.053 (Vernon 1997) (emphasis added). When the receiver sells property held in a receivership, the receiver must apply the proceeds of that sale to the payment of certain claims, including "claims and accounts against the receiver on contracts made by the receiver. . . ." TEX. CIV. PRAC. REM. CODE ANN. § 64.051(a)(5) (Vernon 1997).
Shields testified she had an earnest money contract with Smart to purchase the marital residence. The terms of that contract were that the parties were to close on the home sale May 26, 2003. The closing did not occur at that time because Bobby appealed the trial court's order denying Bobby's bill of review, thereby clouding the receiver's title due to the lack of a final judgment supporting the receiver's authority to sell. Shields then sued Smart for breach of contract when Smart was unable to sell the marital residence May 26, 2003. Shields offered evidence in the court below that she suffered damages from the breach totaling $23,125.66. Bobby did not object to Shields' evidence. Nor did Bobby present any contrary evidence to suggest Shields did not suffer these damages. The only evidence Bobby offered in response to that claim was his own testimony, in which he denied he did anything to block the sale and, instead, simply called Smart's office about the possibility of partitioning the property rather than selling the entire forty-two acres along with the residence.
On the breach of contract claim, the trial court awarded Shields $10,000.00 in damages and $2,000.00 in attorney's fees. The statute required that the amount of Shields' judgment be deducted from the marital estate in the hands of the receiver. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. REM. CODE ANN. § 64.053. The trial court expressly found Bobby caused Smart to breach the contract with Shields. Nevertheless, the trial court allocated the costs of Shields' judgment between Betty and Bobby on an equal basis. To the extent that Bobby's point of error arguably challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to support Shields' judgment, applying the usual standards of review, see Associated Indem. Corp. v. CAT Contracting, Inc., 964 S.W.2d 276, 285-86 (Tex. 1998); Leitch v. Hornsby, 935 S.W.2d 114, 118 (Tex. 1996); and Cain v. Bain, 709 S.W.2d 175, 176 (Tex. 1986), we hold that there is more than a scintilla of evidence to support Shields' judgment and that the judgment is not manifestly unjust.
Further, given that the trial court has broad discretion in dividing the assets and debts of the marital estate, that the trial court was statutorily required to deduct Shields' judgment from the monies held by the receiver, and that Bobby has not shown the trial court acted without reference to guiding principles or law or that the judgment is manifestly unjust, we cannot say the trial court abused its discretion by deducting the costs of half of Shields' judgment from Bobby's share of the funds held by the receiver.
(B) Assessing Against Bobby All of Smart's Expenses and Attorney's Fees Incurred in Defending the Breach of Contract Claim Was Not an Abuse of Discretion
The trial court deducted all of Smart's expenses and attorney's fees associated with defending the breach of contract claim against Shields from Bobby's share of the proceeds from the house sale. Bobby contends this was error. As discussed above, the evidence in this case is sufficient to support the trial court's conclusion that Bobby's conduct solely caused Smart to breach the contract with Shields. It was within the trial court's broad discretion to divide the costs associated with defending the breach of contract claim in a "just and right" manner, which the trial court did by allocating the full costs associated therewith to Bobby because of his behavior in causing the breach. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 7.001; Morris, 123 S.W.3d at 867. We cannot say the trial court abused that discretion by deducting the entire $8,881.18 from Bobby's share of the monies held by the receiver.
(C) Assessing Against Bobby All of Betty's Attorney's Fees Related to Bobby's Previous Appeal in this Case Was Not an Abuse of Discretion
Bobby next contends the trial court erred by awarding Betty $10,000.00 in attorney's fees for the prior appeal from his share of the monies held by the receiver. On this point, Bobby argues first that, because the Nunc Pro Tunc Final Decree of Divorce states "each party shall be responsible for his or her own attorney's fees incurred as a result of legal representation in this case," he should not be held liable for Betty's attorney's fees; and second that, because this Court did not sanction Bobby for filing a frivolous appeal, the trial court cannot now award Betty's attorney's fees associated with that appeal.
With respect to whether the trial court's nunc pro tunc judgment now precludes sanctioning Bobby with Betty's attorney's fees, we cannot agree with Bobby's interpretation of the trial court's nunc pro tunc judgment. We note that the Nunc Pro Tunc Final Decree of Divorce was entered pursuant to an agreement between Bobby and Betty. The trial court did not contemplate that either party would appeal an agreed judgment. By approving and signing an agreed judgment, the trial court would naturally assume the parties would obey the judgment's terms and not seek additional relief from that judgment. Nonetheless, Bobby appealed that judgment. See generally Tompkins I, No. 06-03-00067-CV. Considering that the provision regarding attorney's fees concerned an agreed judgment and did not contemplate that a party might appeal, and in light of the unusual facts and procedural history of this case, we cannot say the trial court's nunc pro tunc judgment precludes the subsequent award of Betty's appellate attorney's fees from Bobby's share of the monies held by the receiver.
With respect to this Court's decision in Tompkins I, we cannot agree that our holding in that case precluded the trial court from deducting the costs of Betty's attorney's fees associated with that appeal from Bobby's share of the monies held by the receiver. In Tompkins I, this Court overruled Betty's motion to have Bobby sanctioned for a frivolous appeal. Our decision in Tompkins I expressed no opinion as to whether Bobby's prior appeal was frivolous. Thus, there was no "law of the case" to preclude the trial court's decision that the prior appeal was or was not, in fact, frivolous. Additionally, Bobby has made no effort in his briefing to this Court to demonstrate that the trial court's award of Betty's attorney's fees constituted an abuse of discretion. See TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1(h). Accordingly, we cannot agree with Bobby's contention that the trial court erred in its division of the marital estate.
(2) Bobby Has Not Properly Sought Recovery for the Timber on the Marital Homestead at the Time of the Sale
Bobby next contends the trial court should have ordered Shields to pay Bobby for the timber he was growing on the marital homestead, but for which he did not receive payment. Bobby's claim fails for two reasons. First, Bobby did not file a suit or countersuit against Smart or Shields for conversion. See, e.g., Espey v. Boone, 75 S.W. 570 (Tex.Civ.App. 1903) (action to recover damages for fraudulent conveyance by defendants to innocent purchaser of property). Therefore, the question of whether he should be compensated for any property Shields allegedly converted is not before the Court. Second, while there is some record evidence that the marital residence and attendant acreage had, at varying times, been appraised at values much higher than the actual sale price, there is also record evidence supporting the final sale price. Moreover, property valuations generally include the value of any crops then growing on them. See, e.g., TEX. BUS. COM. CODE ANN. § 2.107(b) (Vernon 1994) (contract for sale of timber or growing crops; crop can form part of realty unless contracted otherwise); TEX. BUS. COM. CODE ANN. § 9.102(a)(44) (Vernon Supp. 2004-2005) (defining "goods" to include standing timber to be removed under contract for sale).
The record before us reveals no intent to exclude from the sale of the marital homestead the timber crop then growing on the property. Bobby had the timber appraised before the sale, Shields had its value appraised before and after the sale, and the sales contract did not expressly retain any timber rights to Bobby or anyone else. Accordingly, we conclude the marital estate was compensated for the value of the timber as part of the full sales price of the homestead and acreage.
(3) Bobby Has Not Properly Sought To Require Betty To Pay a Portion of Bobby's Federal Income Taxes
In his next point of error, Bobby contends Betty has not abided by the provision of the nunc pro tunc decree that requires her to compensate Bobby for certain portions of Bobby's federal income tax penalties that accrued at the time he cashed in his 401k. Bobby's remedy, if any, is to seek enforcement of that judgment with the trial court. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 157.001(a) (Vernon 2002) (motion for enforcement of provisions of final divorce decree). Bobby has not sought such relief from the trial court; this issue is, therefore, not properly before this Court.
(4) Bobby Has Not Properly Raised His Complaint Asserting Error in Admitting the Testimony of Betty's Expert Witness
In his reply brief, Bobby complains, in what would be a new point of error, that the trial court erred by admitting expert testimony from Steve Sutton regarding the value of the timber on the marital estate. Our Rules of Appellate Procedure do not permit an appellant to raise new issues in a reply brief. The purpose of a reply brief is to respond to and address "any matter in the appellee's brief." Tex.R.App.P. 38.3. Betty's brief did not raise this issue. Bobby's final issue is, therefore, not properly presented.
Nevertheless, we conclude Bobby did not preserve this issue for appellate review. To preserve an issue for appellate review, there must be a timely objection in the trial court and the objection must have been pursued to an adverse ruling. TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1. Sutton testified before the trial court as an expert regarding the value of the timber crop on the Tompkinses' marital residence. Bobby did not object to any of Sutton's testimony, nor did Bobby challenge Sutton's qualifications to testify as an expert or raise the issue of whether he received timely advance notice of the expert. By failing to raise any of these objections at the trial court level, Bobby failed to preserve these issues for appellate review.
For the stated reasons, we affirm the trial court's judgment.