Opinion
10-06-2016
In the Matter of the Claim of Errol P. CAMPBELL, Respondent. TDA Industries, Inc., Appellant. Commissioner of Labor, Respondent.
Eaton & Van Winkle LLP, New York City (Steven W. Wolfe of counsel), for appellant. Eric B. Kaviar, New York City, for Errol P. Campbell, respondent.
Eaton & Van Winkle LLP, New York City (Steven W. Wolfe of counsel), for appellant.
Eric B. Kaviar, New York City, for Errol P. Campbell, respondent.
Before: EGAN JR., J.P., LYNCH, DEVINE, CLARK and MULVEY, JJ.
CLARK, J.Appeals from two decisions of the Unemployment Insurance Appeal Board, filed January 29, 2015, which ruled that claimant was entitled to receive unemployment insurance benefits.
TDA Industries, Inc. operates an indoor tennis club located in Manhattan. Claimant was a tennis pro who provided individual and group lessons to TDA's clients from 1988 to 2013. After claimant was terminated from TDA, he applied for unemployment insurance benefits, and the Department of Labor denied his application upon finding, among other things, that he was an independent contractor and not an employee of TDA. Following a hearing at which TDA failed to appear, an Administrative Law Judge overruled the Department's determination, finding that claimant was TDA's employee. TDA successfully moved to reopen the hearing, and, after another hearing, the Administrative Law Judge once again found that claimant was an employee. The Unemployment Insurance Appeal Board affirmed that decision and concluded that claimant was entitled to benefits. TDA appeals.
We affirm. “[I]t is well settled that the existence of an employment relationship is a factual issue for the Board to resolve and its determination will not be disturbed if supported by substantial evidence” (Matter of Raynor [Synchronicity, Inc.—Commissioner of Labor], 135 A.D.3d 1261, 1261, 23 N.Y.S.3d 731 [2016] ; see Matter of DeVaul [Guardi—Commissioner of Labor], 138 A.D.3d 1371, 1371, 29 N.Y.S.3d 702 [2016] ). “An employer-employee relationship exists when the evidence shows that the employer exercises control over the results produced or the means used to achieve the results”—with the latter being the more important factor (Matter of Empire State Towing & Recovery Assn., Inc. [Commissioner of Labor], 15 N.Y.3d 433, 437, 912 N.Y.S.2d 551, 938 N.E.2d 984 [2010] ; accord Matter of Waggoneer [Preston Leasing Corp.—Commissioner of Labor], 137 A.D.3d 1380, 1380, 26 N.Y.S.3d 805 [2016] ).
The testimony at the hearing established that TDA is solely responsible for setting the court rental and lesson fees, scheduling lessons, assigning tennis pros to clients who sign up for lessons and dictating which particular tennis court is to be used for each lesson. For certain group lessons, TDA even directs what type of stroke the tennis pros must teach. If a client is dissatisfied with a tennis pro's services, the complaint is handled by TDA. In addition, in the event that a tennis pro is unable to attend a scheduled lesson, TDA facilitates the rescheduling of the lesson or the coordinating of a substitute tennis pro to teach the lesson. According to the testimony of claimant and another tennis pro, which the Board explicitly credited, if a tennis pro misses a scheduled lesson and the court cannot be rented to another client, TDA deducts the cost of the court rental fee from the tennis pro's weekly earnings.
As for payment, each tennis pro is paid per lesson and the pay rate varies depending on, among other things, the pro's certifications. Nonseasonal clients pay their court rental and lesson fees directly to TDA and TDA pays the tennis pros by check once a week. Seasonal clients—i.e., clients who reserve a court for an entire season—pay their court rental fee up front and then pay the tennis pros directly for each lesson at a rate suggested by TDA and set forth in a contract between TDA and the client. Overall, despite the existence of proof in the record that could result in a contrary finding (see Matter of Concourse Ophthalmology Assoc. [Roberts], 60 N.Y.2d 734, 736, 469 N.Y.S.2d 78, 456 N.E.2d 1201 [1983] ), we find that the record contains substantial evidence to support the Board's decision that TDA exercised sufficient control over claimant's work so as to be considered his employer (see Matter of Raynor [Synchronicity, Inc.—Commissioner of Labor], 135 A.D.3d at 1262, 23 N.Y.S.3d 731 ; Matter of Yoga Vida NYC, Inc. [Commissioner of Labor], 119 A.D.3d 1314, 1314–1315, 989 N.Y.S.2d 710 [2014], lv. granted 24 N.Y.3d 909, 2014 WL 6475794 [2014] ; Matter of Human Performance, Inc. [Commissioner of Labor], 28 A.D.3d 971, 972, 814 N.Y.S.2d 317 [2006] ; compare Matter of Cohen [Classic Riverdale, Inc.—Commissioner of Labor], 136 A.D.3d 1179, 1180–1181, 26 N.Y.S.3d 373 [2016] ). Finally, we find unavailing TDA's assertion that claimant should be estopped from claiming that he was an employee given that he deducted expenses on his federal tax return as if he were self-employed (see Matter of Stuckelman [Blodnick, Gordon, Fletcher & Sibell, P.C.—Commissioner of Labor], 16 A.D.3d 882, 883, 791 N.Y.S.2d 225 [2005] ).
ORDERED that the decisions are affirmed, without costs.
EGAN JR., J.P., LYNCH, DEVINE and MULVEY, JJ., concur.