Opinion
C/A No. 4:19-2053-TMC-TER
08-02-2019
Bruce Lee Hudson, #299312, a/k/a Bruce Lee Hudson, #101021, a/k/a Bruce L. Hudson, Glodualdo Moreno, #350380, Robert Jackson, #138725, Leroy Terry, #119520, Billy Morrison, #296920, Plaintiffs, v. S.C.D.C., Lee Infirmary, Dr. McCree, Dr. Pate, Nurse Capadonia, Nurse Blackwell, Defendants.
ORDER
This is a civil rights action filed by multiple state prisoners, proceeding pro se. Pro se plaintiffs may not represent one another and pro se class actions are not permissible. See Oxendine v. Williams, 509 F.2d 1405, 1407 (4th Cir. 1975).
While this Circuit has not ruled on the issue of whether multiple prisoner plaintiffs are allowed to join under Rule 20 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, or the issue of fee payment in a case filed by multiple prisoners, the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit addressed these issues in Hubbard v. Haley, 262 F.3d 1194, 1198 (11th Cir. 2001), and found that prisoners may not join in one action. The Hubbard court reasoned that, because the plain language of the Prison Litigation Reform Act ("PLRA"), Pub. L. No. 104-134, 110 Stat. 1321 (1996), requires each prisoner proceeding in forma pauperis to pay the full filing fee, it was appropriate to sever the claims and require each prisoner to file a separate lawsuit. Hubbard, 262 F.3d at 1198. Even in light of more flexible holdings in other circuits regarding permissive joinder of multiple prisoner plaintiffs, see Hagan v. Rogers, 570 F.3d 146, 157 (3d Cir. 2009); Boriboune v. Berge, 391 F.3d 852, 855 (7th Cir. 2004); In re Prison Litigation Reform Act, 105 F.3d 1131, 1137-38 (6th Cir. 1997), courts in this district have found the analysis in Hubbard persuasive and have declined to permit prisoner plaintiffs to join in one civil action. See Williams v. Jones, No. 9:14-787-RMG-BM, 2014 WL 2155251, at *10 (D.S.C. May 22, 2014) (adopting report and recommendation collecting cases which find Hubbard persuasive); McFadden v. Fuller, No. 2:13-2290-JMC, 2013 WL 6182365, at *2 (D.S.C. Nov. 22, 2013) (agreeing with the magistrate judge's conclusion that multiple prisoner plaintiffs "should not be allowed to proceed under one joint action"); see also Carroll v. United States, No. 5:14-2167-JMC, 2015 WL 854927, at *9-10 (D.S.C. Feb. 27, 2015) (denying joinder of seventy pro se prisoners as co-plaintiffs and noting that the "court has discretion to disallow joinder when it is infeasible or prejudicial"). Each Plaintiffs' claim will require individualized determinations. See also McFadden, 2013 WL 6182365 at *1 (noting that "each Plaintiff would need to meet the exhaustion requirement of the PLRA and might be entitled to differing amounts of damages").
Moreover, Rule 20 governs the requirements as to who may be joined as plaintiffs: "Persons may join in one action as plaintiffs if: (A) they assert any right to relief jointly, severally, or in the alternative with respect to or arising out of the same transaction, occurrence, or series of transactions or occurrences; and (B) any question of law or fact common to all plaintiffs will arise in the action." Given the differences in resulting injury and exhaustion regarding a claim under the Eighth Amendment for deliberate indifference to serious medical needs between each Plaintiff in this case, they are not part of the same transaction and occurrence and do not meet the Rule 20 requirements for joinder.
For all these reasons, the court concludes that the claims of the Plaintiffs in the instant action should be separated for initial review. TO THE CLERK OF COURT:
The captioned case shall pertain only to the first named Plaintiff, Bruce Hudson. Therefore, the Clerk of Court is directed to terminate Glodualdo Moreno, #350380, Robert Jackson, #138725, Leroy Terry, #119520, and Billy Morrison, #296920, as Plaintiffs in the above-referenced case. The Clerk of Court is further directed to assign a separate civil action number for each Plaintiff terminated in this case. The Clerk of Court shall file this order as the initial docket entry in the newly created cases, and shall re-file only the Complaint (ECF No. 1) in the newly created action. The defendants in the newly created case will be the same defendants listed in the captioned case. The Clerk of Court is authorized to determine the most efficient manner and time for entering the new case number, party information, and pleading information on the court's electronic case management system. However, when the new case is docketed, the undersigned Magistrate Judge is to be assigned to all terminated Plaintiffs' new case numbers and will conduct an initial review pursuant to the General Order issued in In Re: Procedures in Civil Actions Filed by Prisoner Pro Se Litigants, 3:07-mc-5014-JFA (D.S.C. Sept. 18, 2007), 28 U.S.C. § 1915, and 28 U.S.C. § 1915A. The Clerk is directed to mail this order to all Plaintiffs.
For statute of limitations purposes, other Plaintiffs' new case numbers shall be considered filed as the same date the original complaint in this action was filed.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
s/Thomas E. Rogers, III
Thomas E. Rogers, III
United States Magistrate Judge August 2, 2019
Florence, South Carolina