Summary
holding that plaintiff's petition was filed when he tendered it to the court, even though it was returned unfiled because he submitted it without a statement of his inmate trust account, and plaintiff later provided the statement
Summary of this case from Russo v. GoodnessOpinion
No. 09-07-106 CV
Submitted on February 27, 2008.
Opinion Delivered May 15, 2008.
On Appeal from the 58th District Court Jefferson County, Texas, Trial Cause No. A-176,032.
Before McKEITHEN, C.J., GAULTNEY and HORTON, JJ.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Bruce Wayne Houser appeals an order granting summary judgment for Kenny K. Allen, Vickie Barrow and William Kountz. Houser's petition alleges that Houser posted inmate requests for trust account statements to Allen and Kountz, that Allen and Kountz failed to provide the trust account statements for a plaintiff's petition Houser filed in Jefferson County and a mandamus petition Houser filed in federal court, and that the state court petition was returned unfiled because a trust account statement was not included with the petition. According to Houser's petition, Allen and Kountz "knowingly, intentionally, and wantonly withheld tangible property as to illegally obstruct justice, and to deny access to courts[.]" Houser's petition requests an injunction against interference with Houser's access to courts, a declaratory judgment to establish his rights of access to state and federal courts, and damages. Houser raises ten issues in his brief.
Houser also named Dirk E. Lorimier and "T.D.C.J. Agency" as defendants. The record contains neither citations nor answers regarding these defendants. A judgment is final if it disposes of all issues and all parties that have been served or filed an answer. M.O. Dental Lab v. Rape, 139 S.W.3d 671, 674-75 (Tex. 2004).
We do not see a similar allegation in the petition regarding the federal mandamus filing.
The petition lists Barrow as a defendant but does not identify Barrow in any of the factual allegations. Barrow's name appears on the signature line of a Step 2 grievance response.
In his first issue, Houser contends he was denied access to the courts. On December 18, 2006, the trial court ordered that Houser be given access to his legal materials until the due date for his summary judgment response. From the arguments presented in his brief, it appears the denial of access urged in this issue refers to the State's alleged failure to comply with that order. The appellees filed a motion for summary judgment on December 27, 2006, Houser filed a motion for extension of time on January 23, 2007. Houser did not file a motion to compel until February 1, 2007, after the trial court granted the motion for summary judgment. In the motion to compel, Houser concedes he had access to some of his materials on January 4, 2007, and he had access to three sacks of his legal materials on January 11, 2007, and January 17, 2007. The motion states that the materials pertaining to this suit were in one of the sacks to which he had access. His complaint appears to be that he was not allowed to keep the materials in his cell for a thirty-one day period. The decision whether to impose sanctions is within the sound discretion of the trial court and that decision will be reversed only for an abuse of discretion. Shannon v. Fowler, 693 S.W.2d 54, 56 (Tex.App.-Fort Worth 1985, writ dism'd) (discovery sanctions). Even assuming the trial court's order was not complied with, the trial court could decline to compel further compliance. Houser admits he did have some access to the pertinent records during the applicable time period; therefore, the trial court did not abuse its discretion by not compelling further compliance with its order. We overrule issue one.
It appears the motion for extension of time was prepared and forwarded for mailing on January 18, 2007.
In his second issue, Houser asks whether "the loss of vested rights, creates by wanton criminal; civil; and constitutional violations, from a public servant acting under the color of law; recoverable in Texas dist. courts[.]" In his brief, Houser appears to be arguing that his right of access to the courts was violated by the unlawful confiscation of his legal materials from his prison cell. One case on which he relies concerned political speech by government employees, not prisoners' access to courts. Elrod v. Burns, 427 U.S. 347, 373-74, 96 S.Ct. 2673, 49 L.Ed.2d 547 (1976) (government officials cannot discharge public employees for failing to support a political party or its candidates unless political affiliation is an appropriate requirement for the job in question). The other case on which he relies does concern a prisoner's access to the court system, but that case requires meaningful access. It does not hold that a restriction for even a minimal amount of time violates a prisoner's constitutional rights. Bounds v. Smith, 430 U.S. 817, 828, 97 S.Ct. 1491, 52 L.Ed.2d 72 (1977). It is evident from the motion Houser filed with the trial court that he was able to review the district court's records, the exhibits to his complaint, and the underlying grievances on at least two days before his summary judgment response was due. The trial court could reasonably determine that access to the confiscated material was sufficient to enable Houser to prepare his response. We overrule issue two.
Issue three complains that the court reporter did not prepare a reporter's record. Issue four contends that the appellate court clerk did not ensure the reporter's record was filed. The court reporter's and appellate court clerk's responsibilities referred to in Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 35 refer to preparing written records of proceedings that have been transcribed. See Tex. R. App. P. 35.3(b); Tex. R. App. P. 35.3(c). Obviously, the court reporter cannot prepare a reporter's record of a hearing that was not recorded. We note, however, that Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 13 states that, unless excused by the parties, the court reporter must attend court sessions and make a full record of the proceedings. Tex. R. App. P. 13.1. Error arising from the failure of the court reporter to record the proceedings must be preserved by a timely objection. Rittenhouse v. Sabine Valley Center Foundation, Inc., 161 S.W.3d 157, 162 (Tex.App.-Texarkana 2005, no pet.). In a hearing where one of the parties appears telephonically and is not physically present in the courtroom, it seems inherently unreasonable to charge that party with awareness of whether the court reporter is recording the proceeding. Furthermore, Houser did file objections to a lack of a reporter's record with this Court. However, assuming it was error to not record the hearings without obtaining the parties' consent, and assuming Houser did not have an opportunity to object until the court reporter informed the appellate court that no record had been taken, Houser was not harmed by the error. In this case, the court reporter informed the appellate clerk that a record was not taken of the January 26, 2007, summary judgment hearing. Houser's brief also refers to a hearing conducted on December 18, 2006. The court reporter notified this Court that the December 18, 2006, hearing was not reported. Houser has not identified any other hearings.
This rule of appellate procedure is in apparent conflict with the court reporter's duties described in the Texas Government Code, which requires attendance upon request. See Tex. Gov't Code Ann. § 52.046 (Vernon 2005); Nicholson v. Fifth Third Bank, 226 S.W.3d 581, 583 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 2007, no pet.). "[W]hen a rule of procedure conflicts with a statute, the statute prevails unless the rule has been passed subsequent to the statute and repeals the statute as provided by Texas Government Code section 22.004." Johnstone v. State, 22 S.W.3d 408, 409 (Tex. 2000). "[A] rule adopted by the supreme court repeals all conflicting laws and parts of laws governing practice and procedure in civil actions, but substantive law is not repealed." See Tex. Gov't Code Ann. § 22.004(c) (Vernon Supp. 2007). In this appeal, we assume that the court reporter must be present and record proceedings unless excused by agreement of the parties. Therefore, in this case we do not decide whether the rule prevails over the statute.
Motions for summary judgment are decided solely on the written pleadings, affidavits and discovery on file with the trial court. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 166a(b). Houser's ability to present his appeal was not affected by the lack of a reporter's record of the summary judgment hearing. Given its timing, the December 18, 2006, hearing appears to have been set for the purpose of considering the appellees' motion to dismiss pursuant to Chapter 14 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code. The trial court did not rule on this motion but ordered that the appellees file a motion for summary judgment and provided Houser with access to his legal materials for purposes of preparing his response. The trial court did not dismiss Houser's suit for a pleading deficiency applicable to a suit filed by an indigent inmate, so the lack of a record of that hearing does not affect our ability to review the granting of the summary judgment.
Houser contends the trial court made an order regarding Houser's access to his legal materials during the December 18, 2006, hearing. As we noted in our discussion of Houser's first two issues, however, the trial court declined to enforce whatever order or agreement was expressed in the course of that hearing and Houser admitted he had some access to his legal materials in the preparation of his response to the motion for summary judgment. Because the error, if any, in failing to record the hearings neither caused the rendition of an improper judgment nor prevented the appellant from presenting the case to the appellate court, we hold Houser was not harmed by the failure to take down a record of the hearings before the trial court. See Tex. R. App. P. 44.1(a). We overrule issues three and four.
Issue five contends genuine issues of fact "show defendants' obstructing justice, and failure to obey a court's order." Houser complains that he was forced to file his appeal without use of the appellate record. Houser asked to have the original clerk's record shipped to him at the prison unit where he is housed. Because the record is normally shipped to a unit law librarian for safekeeping and the law librarians at Houser's unit are the appellees in this case, we directed the clerk of the Court of Appeals to release the record to an employee of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice who is not named as a defendant in this suit. After the record was returned to the Court of Appeals, Houser asked to have the record sent to the unit's senior warden. Houser claimed the administrative segregation major charged with safekeeping the record was somehow responsible for an assault upon Houser by another inmate. We denied Houser's request. Nothing presented to this Court indicates that the person charged with safekeeping the original clerk's record denied Houser access to the clerk's record. We overrule issue five.
In his sixth issue, Houser contends the trial court erred in failing to grant an extension of time for Houser to file a response to the motion for summary judgment. Houser argues that he placed his motion for extension of time in the prison mail system on January 18, 2007, and the district clerk received the motion on January 23, 2007, but the trial court did not have the motion at the bench during the summary judgment hearing on January 26, 2007. The motion is not supported by affidavit or other evidence, and Houser admits he was able to communicate his desire for additional time to the trial court during the summary judgment hearing. In his motion for extension of time, Houser stated that he needed additional time to acquire replacement copies of his plaintiff's original petition and attached exhibits. Because it was the live pleading on file at the time of the hearing, the trial court could consider the petition in ruling on the motion for summary judgment without Houser having attached the pleading to a response to the motion for summary judgment. See Richardson v. Zurich Ins. Co., Inc., 27 S.W.3d 39, 41 (Tex.App.-San Antonio 2000, pet. denied). The trial court could reasonably have determined that an extension of time was unnecessary. We overrule issue six.
Houser's seventh issue argues the appellees failed to establish their entitlement to summary judgment as a matter of law. The movants for summary judgment have the burden of showing that there is no genuine issue of material fact and that they are entitled to judgment as a matter of law; in deciding whether there is a disputed material fact issue precluding summary judgment, evidence favorable to the non-movant will be taken as true; and every reasonable inference must be indulged in favor of the non-movant and any doubts resolved in its favor. Nixon v. Mr. Prop. Mgmt. Co., Inc., 690 S.W.2d 546, 548-49 (Tex. 1985). To prevail on a summary judgment, moving defendants must either disprove at least one element of the plaintiff's theory of recovery as a matter of law or plead and conclusively establish each essential element of an affirmative defense. Zep Mfg. Co. v. Harthcock, 824 S.W.2d 654, 657 (Tex.App.-Dallas 1992, no writ). "Summary judgment on the pleadings is proper where plaintiff's allegations cannot constitute a cause of action as a matter of law." Wayne Duddlesten, Inc. v. Highland Ins. Co., 110 S.W.3d 85, 95-96 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 2003, pet. denied) (citing Peek v. Equip. Serv. Co., of San Antonio, 779 S.W.2d 802, 805 (Tex. 1989)).
The motion for summary judgment asserted qualified immunity for all federal claims brought against the appellees in their individual capacities, sovereign immunity for all claims brought against them in their official capacities, and official immunity for all state law claims brought against them in their individual capacities. In addition to asserting defenses related to immunity, the appellees moved for summary judgment on the grounds that Houser has not suffered an actual injury to a legal claim. Excerpts from Kountz's and Allen's access to courts notary log books were attached to the motion for summary judgment. The appellees asserted that Houser received copies of his inmate trust account statement on August 3, 2005, two dates in October 2005, three dates in November 2005, and two dates in December 2005. The log books showed that several of the trust account statements were sent to the Jefferson County District Clerk. A trust account statement dated October 18, 2005, was attached to Houser's original petition in this case. The motion for summary judgment urged that because Houser regularly received trust account statements, Houser had not been denied access to the courts. The motion also stated that the federal mandamus petition was filed in the Fifth Circuit in No. 05-41615 on November 16, 2005.
The appellees did not include Houser's federal mandamus petition in their summary judgment evidence.
Houser argues his claims are § 1983 claims of denial of access to courts and due process. See 42 U.S.C. § 1983; Bounds v. Smith, 430 U.S. at 828. We understand Houser's allegation regarding the failure to provide trust account statements to be that Allen and Kountz failed to provide the statements in a timely fashion. In his brief, Houser argues that his underlying claims were subject to the Department's inmate grievance procedure and the petition was not timely filed because Kountz and Allen wantonly delayed acting on his requests for certified copies of his trust account statement. Houser suggests he is prohibited from pursuing the claims raised in the petitions by operation of § 14.005 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code. See Tex. Civ. Prac. Rem. Code Ann. § 14.005(b) (Vernon 2002) ("A court shall dismiss a claim if the inmate fails to file the claim [subject to the grievance system] before the 31st day after the date the inmate receives the written decision from the grievance system.").
Houser's original petition alleges the deadline for mailing the petition to the district clerk was August 22, 2005. His petition also alleges that Houser attached a photocopy of an outdated trust account statement and mailed the petition to the district clerk. The petition further alleges that the district clerk returned the state court petition to Houser on August 26, 2005, with instructions to return the document for filing with the required trust account statement. Houser alleged the petitions were returned unfiled because they did not include trust account statements.
The state court petition was conditionally filed on the date Houser tendered it for mailing. Once the defect is cured, such a conditional filing is effective as of the date it was originally received. See Garza v. Garcia, 137 S.W.3d 36, 38 (Tex. 2004); Tate v. E.I. DuPont de Nemours Co., Inc., 934 S.W.2d 83, 84 (Tex. 1996); Jamar v. Patterson, 868 S.W.2d 318, 319 (Tex. 1993). The legally significant act is the tendering of the document to the district clerk, not the payment of the filing fee or the document filed in lieu of security for costs. From Houser's own pleadings, it is apparent that he complied with Civil Practice and Remedies Code § 14.005 when he tendered the state court petition for filing. Houser somewhat acknowledged this principle in his original petition, which stated:
Yes, the defendants can claim; [the district clerk] error at law in both Rule 145, and the document, not being enter in court's records, since it was a photocopy [of a trust account statement issued on July 12, 2005]! The plaintiff will assume [the district clerk's] action was lawful, and file on the defendants' unlawful refusal to provide needed court's record!
The trial court could determine from Houser's pleadings that Houser was not prevented from filing his state court petition. Houser alleges only that the petition was returned to him by the district clerk with instructions to re-file the document along with a trust account statement; he does not allege that the trial court dismissed his case or entered judgment for the defendants due to Houser's failure to file the claim within the time required by § 14.005, Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code.
Houser's petition in this case alleged that the federal mandamus petition was returned to him unfiled because the appellees did not provide a trust account statement, but he does not allege that the claim is now barred because a trust account statement was not provided by August 22, 2005. The appellees claimed Houser filed the federal mandamus petition on November 16, 2005, and asserted lack of actual harm as a ground for summary judgment. On appeal, Houser discusses only his state court filings and does not present any argument or authorities regarding a time limit for filing a mandamus petition in federal court. In particular, Houser relies on § 14.005 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code, but he does not explain how a state limitations provision applicable to inmates who proceed as indigent in state court could possibly affect a mandamus petition filed in a federal appellate court.
The trial court could determine from the pleadings that Houser is asserting a denial of access to courts claim for which he suffered no actual injury. See generally Lewis v. Casey, 518 U.S. 343, 116 S.Ct. 2174, 135 L.Ed.2d 606 (1996) (an inmate in a federal court suit who alleges a violation of his right to access to the courts must show actual injury). Thus, the trial court could grant the motion for summary judgment without ruling on the appellees' alternative ground for summary judgment. Therefore, we decline to address the appellant's challenges to the granting of summary judgment based upon the appellees' affirmative defense of qualified immunity raised in part of issue seven and in issue eight. We overrule the remainder of the appellant's seventh issue.
In his ninth issue, Houser makes a vague reference to the Texas Attorney General's Office and the district court's role as a finder of fact and the court's duty to administer justice. Houser's tenth issue complains that his belief in the justice system has motivated the appellees to cause Houser to suffer daily illegal punishment. In the argument presented in his brief, Houser appears to be complaining that the appellees did not serve him with a copy of a motion filed for a hearing conducted on December 18, 2006. Although he refers to it as a motion for summary judgment, the motion in the clerk's record is a motion to dismiss the suit for failure to comply with Chapter 14 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code. The trial court did not rule on this motion, but granted a motion for summary judgment filed December 27, 2006. Houser also appears to be reiterating the complaints raised in issues one through six. As he presents no additional authority supporting a claim of error, we will not revisit those issues. Because they do not present meritorious grounds for reversal, we overrule issues nine and ten.
We affirm the judgment of the trial court.
AFFIRMED.