Summary
In Heelan v Lockwood (143 AD2d 881), the Second Department held that disqualification of a defense attorney was required because the attorney, prior to being retained by the defendants, had acted as mediator between the parties in their commercial dispute, and had affirmatively represented to plaintiff that his role was limited to "settlement purposes" (id. at 883).
Summary of this case from Siebert Co. v. Intuit Inc.Opinion
October 24, 1988
Appeal from the Supreme Court, Putnam County (Dickinson, J.).
Ordered that the order is reversed, on the law, with costs, the motion is granted, George J. Swander and the firm of George J. Swander, P.C., is disqualified from representing the respondents and no further proceedings shall be taken against the respondents, without leave of the court, until the expiration of 30 days after service upon them personally of a copy of this decision and order with notice of entry, which shall constitute notice to appoint another attorney under CPLR 321 (c).
The plaintiff Edward R. Heelan and the respondents entered into an agreement in March 1986 under which certain real property was to be acquired and developed for residential purposes. Pursuant to the agreement, Heelan was to assume the role of project manager and, through a company which he owned, perform construction services for the project. Some time after the agreement was executed, however, the parties became involved in a dispute and in December 1986 the defendants discharged him. Heelan and the respondents commenced settlement discussions with regard to certain of the claims made by him after his discharge.
During these negotiations, Heelan — who was not then represented by counsel — engaged in a number of conversations regarding the case with attorney George J. Swander, who had been retained as a project consultant by the defendants in late summer 1986. According to Heelan, during these prelitigation settlement discussions, Swander held himself out as neutral mediator to all the parties, in reliance upon which the plaintiff claims he disclosed certain confidences regarding the case. Although Swander denied that he had acted as a mediator and noted that Heelan himself had initiated all of their conversations, Swander did not deny that he did, in fact, participate in personal discussions with Heelan concerning the case. Moreover, in a letter to Heelan dated February 18, 1987, which contained the terms of a proposed settlement, Swander informed Heelan that, "[p]ursuant to our telephone conference, let me state that I am involved in this matter only for settlement purposes and will not be involved if this matter should proceed to litigation". In concluding his letter, Swander further represented that, "[i]f this matter can be resolved amicably, please let me know; if not, then I would summize [sic] that each party will then proceed to retain their respective attorneys".
Shortly thereafter, however, when settlement discussions proved futile and litigation commenced, Swander accepted employment as trial counsel for the defendants D. William Russell Enterprises, Ltd. and Donald Russell. The plaintiffs thereupon sought to disqualify Swander, alleging that Heelan's reliance upon Swander's status as a mediator had induced him to disclose confidential information. The plaintiffs also pointed to Swander's February 18, 1987, letter in further support of their application. In opposition, Swander replied that (1) no confidences were disclosed, (2) Heelan initiated the discussions, and (3) the February 18, 1987, letter did not indicate that he had assumed the role of mediator. The Supreme Court — while observing that repeated discussions between Heelan and Swander had occurred — declined to disqualify Swander primarily because Heelan had failed to specify the nature of the confidences disclosed. We reverse.
As this court has observed, "[i]t is an undeniable maxim of the legal profession that an attorney must avoid even the appearance of impropriety" (Matter of Hof, 102 A.D.2d 591, 596; see also, Bridges v Alcan Constr. Corp., 134 A.D.2d 316; Sirianni v Tomlinson, 133 A.D.2d 391; Seeley v Seeley, 129 A.D.2d 625, 626; Solomon v New York Prop. Ins. Underwriting Assn., 118 A.D.2d 695). Moreover, doubts as to the existence of a conflict of interest must be resolved in favor of disqualification (see, Seeley v Seeley, supra; Death v Salem, 111 A.D.2d 778, 781). Indeed, "where a conflicting interest may, even inadvertently, affect, or give the appearance of affecting, the obligations of the professional relationship" (Matter of Kelly, 23 N.Y.2d 368, 376), the courts have been scrupulous in resolving all doubts in favor of disqualification (see, Bridges v Alcan Constr. Corp., supra; Burton v Burton, 139 A.D.2d 554; Seeley v Seeley, supra).
When viewed within the context of the foregoing criteria, the Supreme Court erred in declining to disqualify Swander. It is undisputed that Swander, as the Supreme Court found, not only discussed the case personally with Heelan on numerous occasions — albeit at Heelan's behest — but also represented to him by letter that he would be involved in the case for "settlement purposes" only. Such a representation could well have induced Heelan, then unrepresented by counsel, to include in his discussions with Swander matters which he would not have revealed had he known Swander would subsequently accept employment with the respondents as trial counsel in this very matter. Moreover, the letter itself, in which the terms of the proposed settlement are recounted, is phrased in what appears to be a neutral and objective tone, lending credence to the plaintiffs' claim that Swander had indeed assumed a nonpartisan mediator's role. Since counsel admittedly participated in numerous conversations with Heelan and represented that his involvement would be limited to settlement negotiations, his subsequent acceptance of employment with the respondents after the commencement of litigation creates, under these circumstances, an appearance of impropriety which necessitates his withdrawal from the case. Mollen, P.J., Brown, Rubin and Kooper, JJ., concur.