Opinion
[No. 207, September Term, 1964.]
Decided March 16, 1965.
APPEAL — Powers Of Appeal Court Limited To Appellate Review — It Does Not Make Original Factual Findings — Voluntariness Of Guilty Plea Not Determined. In the instant case the appellant, who filed a petition seeking relief under the Uniform Post Conviction Procedure Act, contended that he had been denied the right to appeal his convictions and that his pleas of guilty had been involuntarily made. At the hearing, the judge below granted the appellant a delayed appeal "so that the Court of Appeals may determine whether the guilty plea was voluntary", but did not make any factual findings or conclusions of law in regard to the appellant's other post conviction contentions. The Court held that its powers were limited to appellate review and that it could not invade the province of the nisi prius courts by making an original factual finding. Therefore, although the transcript of testimony taken in the post conviction proceeding was included in the record forwarded to it, the Court was unable to make any determination in regard to the voluntariness of the guilty pleas. pp. 167-168
APPEAL — Testimony Taken In Collateral Proceedings Ordinarily Not Included In The Record On Appeal — Because Of Unusual Circumstances Here, Court Allowed Testimony From A Collateral Post Conviction Proceeding — Case Remanded. In the instant case the appellant, who filed a petition seeking relief under the Uniform Post Conviction Procedure Act, was granted a delayed appeal. The State filed a motion requesting the Court to delete from the record in this appeal all that related to the collateral post conviction proceeding (including the transcript of testimony taken therein) and to strike from the appendix to appellant's brief the printed copy of the transcript of the post conviction hearing. The Court stated that ordinarily it would not have been proper to include the transcript of testimony taken in a collateral proceeding in the record on this appeal. However, the Court felt that, because of the unusual circumstances of this case, if it disregarded the testimony in the post conviction proceeding, substantial injustice to the appellant would result. Therefore, after a careful study of the transcript, the Court decided to remand the case to the Criminal Court of Baltimore, without affirming or reversing that court's judgments, for further proceedings. pp. 168-169
H.C.
Decided March 16, 1965.
Appeal from the Criminal Court of Baltimore (CARTER, J.).
John M. Hartley, who was convicted on several counts of armed robbery, subsequently filed a petition seeking relief under the Uniform Post Conviction Procedure Act. At the hearing the petitioner was granted leave to file a delayed appeal, and the petitioner so appealed.
Case remanded, without affirmance or reversal, for further proceedings consistent with this opinion; costs to be paid by the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore.
The cause was argued before PRESCOTT, C.J., and HAMMOND, MARBURY and SYBERT, JJ., and POWERS, J., Associate Judge of the Seventh Judicial Circuit, specially assigned.
George L. Russell, Jr., with whom was Richard K. Jacobsen on the brief, for appellant.
Stuart H. Rome, Assistant Attorney General, with whom were Thomas B. Finan, Attorney General, Charles E. Moylan, Jr. and Stanley S. Cohen, State's Attorney and Assistant State's Attorney, respectively, for Baltimore City on the brief, for appellee.
On April 28, 1961, the appellant, John M. Hartley, pleaded guilty before Judge Carter in the Criminal Court of Baltimore under each of the first counts of indictments Nos. 991 through 995 charging armed robbery of several loan offices. He was sentenced to a term of 20 years' imprisonment in the penitentiary for each conviction, the first two terms to run consecutively and the other three to run concurrently with the second one. This is a delayed appeal from those judgments.
On January 31, 1964, Hartley filed a petition seeking relief under the Uniform Post Conviction Procedure Act. He contended, among other things, that he had been denied the right to appeal his 1961 convictions and that his pleas of guilty to the charges in the several indictments had been involuntarily made. Judge Harlan, after a hearing on May 5, 1964, found that Hartley had attempted to mail his notice of appeal on May 26, 1961, but because of circumstances beyond his control was unable to mail it until May 31, 1961, and that therefore he was entitled to a delayed appeal since he had done all that he could have to note the appeal. Because he had granted the delayed appeal, Judge Harlan did not make any factual findings or conclusions of law in regard to the other post conviction contentions of Hartley, notwithstanding the fact that testimony pertaining to them had been taken before him. Instead, Judge Harlan, in his memorandum opinion, stated "* * * [I] will grant Petitioner leave to file a delayed appeal so that the Court of Appeals may determine whether the guilty plea was voluntary."
On this appeal from the judgments in the criminal cases the appellant raises only one question, the same one which Judge Harlan suggested we answer, i.e., whether the guilty pleas were voluntarily made. Unfortunately, both Judge Harlan and the appellant have misconceived the powers of this Court, for our powers are limited to appellate review and we cannot invade the province of the nisi prius courts by making an original factual finding. State ex rel. Harris v. Warden, 195 Md. 702, 72 A.2d 713 (1950); Burke v. Burke, 204 Md. 637, 106 A.2d 59 (1954); and see the many cases collected in 7 M.L.E., Courts, sec. 72; see also Maryland Rule 885. Therefore, although the transcript of testimony taken in the post conviction proceeding was included in the record forwarded to us in this case, we are unable to make any determination in regard to the voluntariness of the guilty pleas.
This brings us to consideration of a motion filed by the State, the appellee in this case, entitled a "Motion to correct record and to strike portions of the appendix to appellant's brief." The motion requests us to delete from the record in this appeal all that relates to the collateral post conviction proceeding (including the transcript of testimony taken therein) and to strike from the appendix to appellant's brief the printed copy of the transcript of the post conviction hearing. Without discussing the reasons advanced by the State to support its motion, we agree that ordinarily it would not have been proper to include the transcript of testimony taken in a collateral proceeding in the record on this appeal. However, we feel we must deny the appellee's motion because under the unusual circumstances of this case we believe that if we disregarded the testimony in the post conviction proceeding substantial injustice to the appellant would result. See Code (1957), Art. 5, § 16; cf. Rules 871 a and 885.
Therefore, we have studied the transcript carefully. Five witnesses testified before Judge Harlan, including the appellant. The appellant testified that he was induced to plead guilty to the charges because he was told by his privately retained attorney that if he did, his wife, who had been indicted jointly with him, would not be prosecuted. Hartley further testified that his counsel had made a "deal" with an assistant State's Attorney whereby the cases against his wife would be stetted if he pleaded guilty. The appellant's attorney, who represented him in the criminal cases but not on this appeal (and who himself was serving a term in prison at the time of the post conviction hearing) testified that he had made the deal described by the appellant with an assistant State's Attorney. The assistant State's Attorney testified that when the appellant's trial counsel asked him whether the State would stet the armed robbery cases against Hartley's wife if Hartley pleaded guilty, he answered yes, although he also testified that those cases were to be stetted as to the wife anyway (as they were) because of the lack of evidence. However, appellant's attorney was not apprised of this intention.
In view of this testimony, since we do not make original factual findings we have decided to remand the case to the Criminal Court of Baltimore, without affirming or reversing that court's judgments (Rule 871 a), for an evidentiary hearing and a factual finding by the lower court as to whether or not the pleas of guilty made by Hartley on April 28, 1961, were voluntarily made. In the meantime we shall suspend the determination of the validity of the convictions pending the outcome of the hearing. On remand, the hearing judge shall make provision for a record of the proceedings (including a transcript of the testimony) and cause it to be forwarded to this Court, together with his findings of fact and conclusions of law.
Case remanded, without affirmance or reversal, for further proceedings consistent with this opinion; costs to be paid by the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore.