Opinion
No. 1 CA-IC 3313.
October 22, 1985. Reconsideration Denied December 20, 1985. Review Denied March 11, 1986.
Appeal from the Industrial Commission, ICA No. 526-84-2072.
Robert K. Park, Chief Counsel, State Compensation Fund by Fred R. Sands, Tucson, for petitioner carrier employer.
Dennis P. Kavanaugh, Chief Counsel, Industrial Com'n of Arizona, Phoenix, for respondent.
Dix, Rehling Waterman by J. Stephen Dix, Tucson, for respondent employee.
OPINION
This is a special action review of an Industrial Commission award for unscheduled permanent partial disability which was based on the judicial decisions of Langbell and Espey. The issue presented is whether Langbell and Espey were legislatively overruled by the enactment of A.R.S. § 23-1044(H) which was added to our Workers' Compensation Law in 1980. We conclude that A.R.S. § 23-1044(H) has overruled Langbell and Espey and that the Industrial Commission cannot grant an unscheduled disability when the evidence clearly demonstrates that the claimant has sustained a scheduled disability within the provisions of A.R.S. § 23-1044(B). The award is set aside.
Langbell and Espey permitted the unscheduling of an otherwise scheduled disability where there was a substantial risk of serious reinjury if the worker returned to his previous employment. Langbell v. Industrial Commission, 111 Ariz. 328, 529 P.2d 227 (1974); Espey v. Industrial Commission, 121 Ariz. 289, 589 P.2d 1321 (App. 1978).
On January 28, 1981, the respondent employee (claimant) injured his left wrist while working for the petitioner employer. The claim was accepted and claimant received temporary compensation and active medical treatment until November 1983. On December 14, 1983, a Notice of Claim Status was issued terminating temporary compensation and active medical treatment and finding that the industrial injury had resulted in permanent disability. A notice of permanent disability benefits was issued finding that claimant had sustained a 40% functional loss of his left minor arm and awarding scheduled permanent disability benefits. The claimant requested a hearing, alleging that his condition was not stationary and that he was in need of further active medical treatment.
Following the hearings of July 13 and August 24, 1984, the administrative law judge issued his Decision upon Hearing and Findings and Award for Unscheduled Permanent Partial Disability and Order Pending Loss of Earning Capacity Determination. The administrative law judge found, among other things, that:
7. It is not necessary for an applicant to place himself in a position to incur further physical damage in order to receive the benefits of workmen's compensation. (Citing Langbell and Espey.)
Where the uncontroverted medical testimony is that the applicant's industrially caused condition has permanently restricted his functional ability to return to his former employment, consideration must be given to A.R.S. § 23-1047.
8. The evidence in the instant case is uncontroverted that the applicant has sustained a scheduled injury which prevents him from returning to his former employment without incurring a substantial risk of significant reinjury.
11. The evidence establishes that the applicant has sustained a general physical impairment of the whole person and, therefore, the Industrial Commission should, as provided by A.R.S. § 23-1047, determine the applicant's reduction in earning capacity, if any, from the stationary date.
Following administrative review and affirmance of the Award for Unscheduled Permanent Partial Disability, the carrier petitioned for special action review, contending that the Commission cannot lawfully grant an unscheduled disability when the evidence demonstrates that the employee has sustained a scheduled disability under A.R.S. § 23-1044(B).
In support of its argument, the carrier relies on A.R.S. § 23-1044(H), which states:
Any single injury or disability listed in subsection B . . . shall be treated as scheduled . . . regardless of its actual effect on the injured employee's earning capacity.
In 1980 the legislature amended A.R.S. § 23-1044 by adding language to section (G) and adding a new section (H), the pertinent portions of which have been quoted. The legislature has redefined and restated the requirement that scheduled disabilities within subsection B of that statute are to be treated as such and the language of the statute is mandatory. In view of this clear, unequivocal statutory language, the only conclusion that can be reached is that A.R.S. § 23-1044(H) legislatively overrules Langbell and Espey. This same conclusion was set forth as dictum by this court in Hunter v. Industrial Commission, 130 Ariz. 59, 62 n. 5, 633 P.2d 1052, 1055 n. 5 (App. 1981).
The claimant interjects the Dutra decision in support of his argument that A.R.S. § 23-1044(H) did not overrule Langbell and Espey. Dutra v. Industrial Commission, 135 Ariz. 59, 659 P.2d 18 (1983). The claimant contends that since Dutra was decided after the enactment of § 23-1044(H) and allows an injury to be assessed with regard to an employee's work rather than being based solely on the schedules in § 23-1044(B), § 23-1044(H) must not intend to separate earning capacity considerations from the claimant's industrial injury. We note that the application of Dutra has been extremely controversial and perhaps the final chapter has not been written. See Gomez v. Industrial Commission, 148 Ariz. 575, 716 P.2d 32 (App. 1985).
However, and wholly aside from the fact that Dutra was not a consideration in the instant proceedings, the effect of the supreme court's decision in Dutra is not to unschedule an otherwise scheduled disability as did Langbell and Espey. Dutra merely permits an increased level of a scheduled disability. Thus, Dutra does not support the reasoning or result of Langbell and Espey.
For the foregoing reasons, the Industrial Commission award is set aside.
MEYERSON and FROEB, JJ., concur.