Opinion
CIVIL ACTION NO. 19-887
06-26-2020
HATTIE M. GREENE v. ANDREW M. SAUL, Commissioner of Social Security
REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION
Hattie M. Greene brought this action under 42 USC §405(g) to obtain review of the decision of the Commissioner of Social Security denying her claim for Disability Insurance Benefits ("DIB"), and Supplemental Security Income ("SSI"). She has filed a Request for Review to which the Commissioner has responded. As explained below, I recommend that this matter be remanded to the agency for a new hearing before a constitutionally appointed ALJ other than the one who previously heard her case.
I. Factual and Procedural Background
Greene was born on June 22, 1967. Record at 166. She has no prior relevant work. Record at 196. On May 27, 2015, she filed applications for DIB and SSI, alleging disability as of May 23, 2013, as a result of anxiety, depression, and substance abuse. Record at 166, 176, 195.
Greene's application for benefits was denied on October 1, 2015. Record at 88. She then requested a hearing de novo before an Administrative Law Judge ("ALJ"). Record at 93. A hearing took place in this case on December 5, 2017. Record at 31.
On January 16, 2018, however, the ALJ issued a written decision denying benefits. Record at 12. The Appeals Council denied Greene's request for review, permitting the ALJ's decision to stand as the final decision of the Commissioner. Record at 1. Greene then filed this action.
II. Legal Standards
The role of this court on judicial review is to determine whether the Commissioner's decision is supported by substantial evidence. 42 U.S.C. §405(g); Richardson v. Perales, 402 U.S. 389 (1971); Doak v. Heckler, 790 F.2d 26, 28 (3d Cir. 1986); Newhouse v. Heckler, 753 F.2d 283, 285 (3d Cir. 1985). Substantial evidence is relevant evidence viewed objectively as adequate to support a decision. Richardson v. Perales, supra, at 401; Kangas v. Bowen, 823 F.2d 775 (3d Cir. 1987); Dobrowolsky v. Califano, 606 F.2d 403 (3d Cir. 1979). Moreover, apart from the substantial evidence inquiry, a reviewing court must also ensure that the ALJ applied the proper legal standards. Coria v. Heckler, 750 F.2d 245 (3d Cir. 1984).
To prove disability, a claimant must demonstrate that there is some "medically determinable basis for an impairment that prevents him from engaging in any 'substantial gainful activity' for a statutory twelve-month period." 42 U.S.C. §423(d)(1). As explained in the following agency regulation, each case is evaluated by the Commissioner according to a five-step process:
(i) At the first step, we consider your work activity, if any. If you are doing substantial gainful activity, we will find that you are not disabled. (ii) At the second step, we consider the medical severity of your impairment(s). If you do not have a severe medically determinable physical or mental impairment that meets the duration requirement in §404.1590, or a combination of impairments that is severe and meets the duration requirement, we will find that you are not disabled. (iii) At the third step, we also consider the medical severity of your impairment(s). If you have an impairment(s that meets or equals one of our listings in appendix 1 of this subpart and meets the duration requirement, we will find that you are disabled. (iv). At the fourth step, we consider our assessment of your residual functional capacity and your past relevant work.
If you can still do your past relevant work, we will find that you are not disabled. (v). At the fifth and last step, we consider our assessment of your residual functional capacity and your age, education and work experience to see if you can make an adjustment to other work. If you can make an adjustment to other work, we will find that you are not disabled. If you cannot make an adjustment to other work, we will find that you are disabled.20 CFR §404.1520 (references to other regulations omitted).
III. Discussion
In her Request for Review, Greene argued that she was entitled to have her case remanded to the agency for a new hearing. She based this argument on Lucia v. SEC, -- U.S. --, 138 S. Ct. 2044, 2049-55 (2018), where the United States Supreme Court held that the ALJs at the Security and Exchange Commission, as "officers of the United States" had not been properly appointed pursuant to the Appointment Clause of the United States Constitution. Greene argued that the appointment process at the Social Security Agency for appointing an ALJ suffered from the same flaw.
The Commissioner responded that Greene had waived an argument for remand under Lucia by failing to raise it before the Agency. However, the Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit has now ruled definitively that a Social Security claimant objecting in a District Court action to the unconstitutional appointment of her ALJ is entitled to relief without having exhausted the claim previously. Cirko v. Commissioner of Social Security, 948 F.3d 148, 153 (3d Cir. 2020).
Mindful of Cirko, I recommend that this case be remanded to the Social Security Agency for a new hearing before a constitutionally appointed ALJ other than the one who presided over Greene's first hearing. 948 F.3d at 159-160. Because the decision of the first ALJ is rendered a nullity by this determination, I will not address Greene's other claims. See Robinson v. Saul, Civ. A. No. 19-57, 2019 WL 4077643 at *1 (E.D. Pa. Aug. 28, 2019).
V. Conclusion
In accordance with the above discussion, I make the following
RECOMMENDATION
AND NOW, this 26th day of June, 2020, it is RESPECTFULLY RECOMMENDED that this case be remanded to the Social Security Agency for a new hearing before a constitutionally appointed ALJ other than the one who presided over Greene's first hearing.
BY THE COURT:
/s/ Jacob P. Hart
JACOB P. HART
UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE