From Casetext: Smarter Legal Research

Godoy v. Hantman

Supreme Court of Arizona
Apr 25, 2003
205 Ariz. 104 (Ariz. 2003)

Summary

restarting change-of-judge time limits

Summary of this case from Mesa v. Granville

Opinion

Arizona Supreme Court, No. CV-02-0390-PR Court of Appeals Division Two, No. 2 CA-SA-02-0113 Pima County Superior Court, No. CR-2002-2561

Filed April 25, 2003.

Special Action from the Superior Court of Pima County, No. CR-2002-2561, The Honorable Howard Hantman, Judge.

RELIEF DENIED; REMANDED

Piccarreta Davis, P.C., Tucson, by Michael L. Piccarreta and Jefferson L. Keenan, Attorneys for Joseph R. Godoy.

Janet Napolitano, Former Arizona Attorney General, Phoenix, Terry Goddard, Arizona Attorney General by William J. Ekstrom, Jr., Kingman, Mohave County Attorney and Matthew J. Smith, Kingman, Deputy Mohave County Attorney/Special Assistant Attorney General, Attorneys for the State of Arizona.


¶ 1 This case presents the question whether each party receives a new opportunity to file a notice of a peremptory change of judge when the state refiles a criminal matter previously dismissed without prejudice. We conclude that a new indictment begins a separate matter and that the right to a peremptory change of judge applies as if no prior action had been filed.

I.

¶ 2 The State charged Defendant Godoy with ten counts of perjury in violation of Arizona Revised Statutes (A.R.S.) section 13-2702 (2001). In May 2001, a grand jury indicted Godoy on nine of the ten counts. In June 2001, Judge Howard Hantman received the assignment of Godoy's case. Neither the State nor Godoy requested a change of judge, as permitted by Rule 10.2 of the Arizona Rules of Criminal Procedure.

All references to "Rule __" are to the Arizona Rules of Criminal Procedure.

¶ 3 Pursuant to Rule 12.9.a, Godoy moved for a new finding of probable cause. Judge Hantman granted the motion and remanded for a new finding on December 11, 2001. When the State did not recommence grand jury proceedings within fifteen days, Judge Hantman dismissed the case without prejudice under Rule 12.28.c.

Subsection a states: "The grand jury proceeding may be challenged only by motion for a new finding of probable cause alleging that the defendant was denied a substantial procedural right, or that an insufficient number of qualified grand jurors concurred in the finding of the indictment." Ariz.R.Crim.P. 12.9.a.

Subsection c states:

If a motion under Rule 12.9a, Rules of Criminal Procedure, challenging State Grand Jury proceedings is granted, the Attorney General, or the Attorney General's designee, may proceed with the prosecution of the case pursuant to Rule 2, Rules of Criminal Procedure, or by resubmission to the same State Grand Jury, or submission to another grand jury. Unless a complaint is filed or a grand jury consideration is commenced within fifteen days after entry of the order granting the motion under Rule 12.9a, Rules of Criminal Procedure, the case shall be dismissed without prejudice.

Ariz.R.Crim.P. 12.28.c.

¶ 4 Following the dismissal, the State again charged Godoy with eight counts of perjury, all stemming from the same conduct as that underlying the first indictment. The grand jury issued an indictment on four of the eight counts, and Judge Hantman again received the case assignment. Two days later, the State filed a notice of change of judge pursuant to Rule 10.2. Over Godoy's objection, Judge Hantman transferred the matter to another judge.

¶ 5 Godoy filed a petition for special action with the court of appeals, which declined jurisdiction. We granted Godoy's petition for review to resolve this recurring issue of statewide importance. ARCAP 23.c. We exercise jurisdiction pursuant to Article VI, Section 5.3 of the Arizona Constitution. This court reviews rulings involving the interpretation of a court rule de novo. See State ex rel. Napolitano v. Brown Williamson Tobacco Corp., 196 Ariz. 382, 390 ¶ 37, 998 P.2d 1055, 1063 (2000).

II.

¶ 6 Rule 10.2 entitles either party in a criminal case to a change of judge as a matter of right. Ariz.R.Crim.P. 10.2.a. A party in a non-capital case must file a notice within ten days of either the arraignment or the date on which the party receives actual notice of the judicial assignment. Ariz.R.Crim.P. 10.2.c. A court cannot disregard a timely notice of a change of judge. State v. Shahan, 17 Ariz. App. 148, 149, 495 P.2d 1355, 1356 (1972) ("A litigant has a peremptory right of disqualification of a judge and if filed timely the court is in error to deny the transfer to another judge."). If the State timely filed its notice of change of judge, Judge Hantman acted appropriately in transferring the matter to another judge. However, if, as Godoy essentially argues, the subsequent indictment simply "continued" the earlier action against him, the State did not timely file its notice. Thus, the question whether the State filed a timely notice depends upon whether the subsequent indictment simply "continued" the earlier action or instituted a new action against Godoy. Our resolution of this issue depends upon the effect of the trial court's order dismissing the action without prejudice.

The rule also measures the deadline from the "[f]iling of the mandate from an Appellate Court with the clerk of the Superior Court." Ariz.R.Crim.P. 10.2.c(2).

¶ 7 We have considered the effect of the issuance of a new indictment in other contexts. Arizona courts consistently hold that time limits for purposes of the right to a speedy trial begin to run anew when a grand jury reindicts a defendant following the dismissal of an earlier action against the defendant. E.g., State v. Rose, 121 Ariz. 131, 137, 589 P.2d 5, 11 (1978); State v. Johnson, 113 Ariz. 506, 510, 557 P.2d 1063, 1067 (1976); State v. Avriett, 25 Ariz. App. 63, 64, 540 P.2d 1282, 1283 (1975). We see no reason to treat time limits for filing a notice of change of judge differently.

¶ 8 Moreover, Godoy's argument would require us to regard as "continuing" a case that the trial court has dismissed. Once Judge Hantman dismissed the initial proceeding against Godoy, however, nothing remained of that action and the indictment was void of effect. See Bowman v. State, 103 Ariz. 482, 483, 445 P.2d 841, 842 (1968) ("[W]hen a motion to quash an information is granted there is no case pending in the Superior Court until a new information is filed."); see also State v. Freeman, 78 Ariz. 281, 285, 279 P.2d 440, 442-43 (1955); State v. Coursey, 71 Ariz. 227, 233, 225 P.2d 713, 717 (1950); Pray v. State, 56 Ariz. 171, 175, 106 P.2d 500, 502 (1940). Arizona's Rules of Criminal Procedure provide no mechanism to reinstate a void indictment. The State could again initiate criminal proceedings against Godoy following the dismissal only by either obtaining a new indictment or filing a complaint. Ariz.R.Crim.P. 2.2. When the new case began, Rule 10.2 provided each party a peremptory right to change the judge within the time permitted by the rule. See New Mexico v. Ware, 850 P.2d 1042, 1045 (N.M.Ct.App. 1993) (obtaining a new indictment begins the case anew, "with all procedural rights inuring to the parties").

¶ 9 In addition to arguing that the State filed an untimely notice, Godoy also argues that the State waived its right to peremptorily challenge Judge Hantman under Rule 10.4.a because the State participated in a contested matter before him, that being the motion to remand the May 2001 indictment for a new finding of probable cause. Godoy cites State v. Poland, 144 Ariz. 388, 698 P.2d 183 (1985), to support his waiver argument. In Poland, after remand for a new trial, the defendant argued that the trial court should grant the State's motion to dismiss but that the court should dismiss it with prejudice. Id. at 395, 698 P.2d at 190. We held that, by doing so, Poland waived his right to peremptorily change the judge. Id. Poland's and Godoy's cases, however, differ critically. In Poland, the judge did not dismiss the action. Id. at 394, 698 P.2d at 189. In Godoy's case, however, Judge Hantman did dismiss the State's case predicated on the May 2001 indictment, thereby terminating that action. Participating in proceedings in a previous case does not waive a party's right to a change of judge in a new action.

Rule 10.4.a provides: "A party loses the right under Rule 10.2 to a change of judge when the party participates before that judge in any contested matter in the case, an omnibus hearing, any pretrial hearing, a proceeding under Rule 17, or the commencement of trial." Ariz.R.Crim.P. 10.4.a.

III.

¶ 10 For the foregoing reasons, we deny relief and affirm Judge Hantman's order transferring this matter to a different judge and remand for proceedings consistent with this opinion.

____________________________________ Ruth V. McGregor, Vice Chief Justice

CONCURRING:

____________________________________ Charles E. Jones, Chief Justice _______________________________ Rebecca White Berch, Justice ____________________________________ Michael D. Ryan, Justice


Summaries of

Godoy v. Hantman

Supreme Court of Arizona
Apr 25, 2003
205 Ariz. 104 (Ariz. 2003)

restarting change-of-judge time limits

Summary of this case from Mesa v. Granville
Case details for

Godoy v. Hantman

Case Details

Full title:JOSEPH R. GODOY, Petitioner, v. THE HONORABLE HOWARD HANTMAN, JUDGE OF THE…

Court:Supreme Court of Arizona

Date published: Apr 25, 2003

Citations

205 Ariz. 104 (Ariz. 2003)
67 P.3d 700
398 Ariz. Adv. Rep. 27

Citing Cases

Woodington v. Browning

” Citing Godoy v. Hantman, the respondent judge thus determined the notice was untimely. 205 Ariz. 104, 67…

Woodington v. Browning

” Citing Godoy v. Hantman, the respondent judge thus determined the notice was untimely. 205 Ariz. 104, 67…