Opinion
C/A No. 4:18-cv-01707-DCC-TER
06-26-2018
Russell C. Geissler, Jason C. Leaphart, Don S. Maness, Plaintiffs, v. Mr. Williams, Mrs. Glidewell, Mr. Williams, Mrs. Maddox, Defendants.
ORDER
This is a civil rights action filed by three state prisoners, proceeding pro se. The Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals has held that prisoners cannot bring a class action lawsuit. See Oxendine v. Williams, 509 F.2d 1405, 1407 (4th Cir. 1975) ("[T]he competence of a layman representing himself [is] clearly too limited to allow him to risk the rights of others."); see also Hummer v. Dalton, 657 F.2d 621, 625-26 (4th Cir. 1981) (holding that a prisoner's suit is "confined to redress for violation of his own personal rights and not one by him as a knight-errand for all prisoners").
While this Circuit has not ruled on the issue of whether multiple prisoner plaintiffs are allowed to join under Rule 20 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, or the issue of fee payment in a case filed by multiple prisoners, the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals addressed these issues in Hubbard v. Haley, 262 F.3d 1194, 1198 (11th Cir. 2001), and found that prisoners may not join in one action. The Hubbard court reasoned that, because the plain language of the Prison Litigation Reform Act ("PLRA"), Pub. L. No. 104-134, 110 Stat. 1321 (1996), requires each prisoner proceeding in forma pauperis to pay the full filing fee, it was appropriate to sever the claims and require each prisoner to file a separate lawsuit. Hubbard, 262 F.3d at 1198. Even in light of more flexible holdings in other circuits regarding permissive joinder of multiple prisoner plaintiffs, see Hagan v. Rogers, 570 F.3d 146, 157 (3rd Cir. 2009); Boriboune v. Berge, 391 F.3d 852, 855 (7th Cir. 2004); In re Prison Litigation Reform Act, 105 F.3d 1131, 1137-38 (6th Cir. 1997), courts in this district have found the analysis in Hubbard persuasive and have declined to permit prisoner plaintiffs to join in one civil action. See Williams v. Jones, C/A No. 9:14-787-RMG-BM, 2014 WL 2155251, at *10 (D.S.C. May 22, 2014) (adopting report and recommendation collecting cases which find Hubbard persuasive); McFadden v. Fuller, C/A No. 2:13-2290-JMC, 2013 WL 6182365, at *2 (D.S.C. Nov. 22, 2013) (agreeing with the magistrate judge's conclusion that multiple prisoner plaintiffs "should not be allowed to proceed under one joint action"); see also Carroll v. United States, C/A No. 5:14-2167-JMC, 2015 WL 854927, at *9-10 (D.S.C. Feb. 27, 2015) (denying joinder of seventy pro se prisoners as co-plaintiffs and noting that the "court has discretion to disallow joinder when it is infeasible or prejudicial").
In addition to the requirement that "indigent prisoners filing lawsuits be held responsible for the full amount of filing fees," Torres v. O'Quinn, 621 F.3d 237, 241 (4th Cir. 2010), the PLRA also requires each prisoner to exhaust his or her administrative remedies prior to filing a civil lawsuit. See 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a); see also Woodford v. Ngo, 548 U.S. 81, 85 (2006); Porter v. Nussle, 534 U.S. 516, 524 (2002). "Just as payment of one fee does not cover multiple plaintiffs under the PLRA, exhaustion of administrative remedies by one prisoner does not meet the exhaustion requirement for all of the [p]laintiffs." Williams, 2014 WL 2155251, at *11. Thus, each Plaintiff's claims "will require individualized determinations." Id.; see also McFadden, 2013 WL 6182365, at *1 (noting that "each [p]laintiff would need to meet the exhaustion requirement of the PLRA and might be entitled to differing amounts of damages").
Accordingly, the Court concludes that the claims of the three Plaintiffs in the instant action should be separated for initial review. TO THE CLERK OF COURT :
The above-captioned case shall pertain only to the first named Plaintiff, Russell C. Geissler. Therefore, the Clerk of Court is directed to terminate Jason C. Leaphart and Don S. Maness as plaintiffs in the above-referenced case. The Clerk of Court is further directed to assign separate civil action numbers to the plaintiffs terminated in this case. The Clerk of Court shall file this Order as the initial docket entry in the newly created cases and shall re-file the Complaint, ECF No. 1, in the newly created actions. The Defendants in the newly created case will be the same Defendants listed in the above-captioned case. The Clerk of Court is authorized the determine the most efficient manner and time for assigning and entering the new case number, party information, and pleading information on the court's electronic case management system.
After the new cases are docketed, the assigned Magistrate Judge is authorized to issue orders pursuant to the General Order issued in issued in In Re: Procedures in Civil Actions Filed by Prisoner Pro Se Litigants, 3:07-mc-5014-JFA (D.S.C. Sept. 18, 2007), and conduct initial reviews in compliance with 28 U.S.C. § 1915 and 28 U.S.C. § 1915A.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
s/ Donald C. Coggins, Jr.
United States District Judge June 26, 2018
Spartanburg, South Carolina