Opinion
No. 08-03-00184-CR
July 24, 2003 (Do Not Publish)
Appeal from 384th District Court of El Paso County, Texas (TC# 20030D00623)
Before Panel No. 2: Barajas, C.J., McClure, and Chew, JJ.
OPINION
Phyllis Woodall appeals from an order denying habeas corpus relief. The issue before us is whether the notice of appeal must comply with the certification requirement found in Rule 25.2(d) of the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure. Concluding that it must, we order Woodall to amend her notice of appeal to comply with the certification requirement.
FACTUAL SUMMARY
Woodall, who is part-owner and operator of the Naked Harem adult entertainment club, has been charged by complaint with violation of the City of El Paso's anti-smoking ordinance. That prosecution is currently pending in Municipal Court 5A of the City of El Paso. Woodall filed a petition for writ of habeas corpus in the 384th District Court of El Paso County alleging that the ordinance is unconstitutional. The State of Texas, represented by deputized assistant district attorneys, filed a response to the petition and appeared at the hearing on the petition. Following the hearing, the district court entered an order denying relief. Woodall timely filed a notice of appeal on April 17, 2003. See Tex.R.App.P. 31. The notice of appeal did not contain the trial court's certification as required by Tex.R.App.P. 25.2(d). Upon receipt of the notice of appeal, the Clerk's Office wrote to Woodall's counsel requesting that he address the issue whether Woodall's notice of appeal is required to comply with Rule 25.2(d). Counsel has filed a response on behalf of Woodall in which he generally argues that the certification requirement does not apply to appeals from an order denying habeas corpus relief.THE CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENT
Rule 25.2(a)(2) governs the defendant's right to appeal in a criminal case:A defendant in a criminal case has the right of appeal under Code of Criminal Procedure article 44.02 and these rules. The trial court shall enter a certification of the defendant's right of appeal in every case in which it enters a judgment of guilt or other appealable order. In a plea bargain case — that is, a case in which defendant's plea is guilty or nolo contendere and the punishment did not exceed the punishment recommended by the prosecutor and agreed to by the defendant — a defendant may appeal only:
(A) those matters that were raised by written motion filed and ruled on before trial, or
(B) after getting the trial court's permission to appeal.[Emphasis added]. Tex.R.App.P. 25.2(a)(2). Rule 25.2(d) addresses the certification requirement at issue in this case. The rule requires that the trial court certify whether the defendant has a right of appeal under Rule 25.2(a)(2). Tex.R.App.P. 25.2(d). Rule 25.2(a)(2), in turn, requires that the trial court enter a certification of the defendant's right of appeal in every case in which it enters a judgment of guilt or other appealable order. Tex.R.App.P. 25.2(a)(2). The appeal must be dismissed if a certification showing the defendant has the right of appeal has not been made part of the record under the Rules of Appellate Procedure. Tex.R.App.P. 25.2(d). We understand Woodall to argue that because habeas corpus is a civil remedy, this is not a criminal appeal, and therefore, Rule 25.2 does not apply. We disagree. Woodall has been subjected to a criminal prosecution for violation of the City's anti-smoking ordinance, and by her petition, she seeks to have the criminal prosecution against her dismissed. Although Woodall's petition does not cite the particular authority by which she filed it, Article 11.09 authorizes writs of habeas corpus in misdemeanor cases. See Tex. Code Crim.Proc.Ann. art. 11.09 (Vernon 1977). She invoked the district court's jurisdiction to grant habeas corpus relief in misdemeanor cases pursuant to Article 11.05. See Tex. Code Crim.Proc.Ann. art. 11.05; State ex rel. Rodriguez v. Onion, 741 S.W.2d 433, 434 (Tex.Crim.App. 1987). This Court has previously held that a writ of habeas corpus proceeding brought pursuant to Article 11 of the Code of Criminal Procedure is a criminal proceeding. Gibson v. State, 921 S.W.2d 747, 753 (Tex.App.-El Paso 1996, writ denied). Additionally, we note that the State of Texas defended against the writ at the hearing. In a mandamus arising out of another habeas corpus proceeding involving Woodall and her alleged violation of a city ordinance, the Court of Criminal Appeals held that it is a criminal proceeding, and therefore, the District Attorney's Office is obligated to represent the State pursuant to Article 2.01 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. See Alvarez v. Eighth Court of Appeals of Texas, 977 S.W.2d 590, 593 (Tex.Crim.App. 1998). We also conclude that Woodall's appeal of the denial of habeas corpus relief is a criminal action within the meaning of Article 44.02, which provides that a defendant in any criminal action has the right of appeal under the rules "hereinafter prescribed" in the Code of Criminal Procedure. Tex. Code Crim.Proc.Ann. art. 44.02 (Vernon 1979). Prior to a 1985 amendment moving the provision to the Rules of Appellate Procedure, Article 44.34 of the Code of Criminal Procedure provided for the right to appeal from denial of habeas corpus relief. Acts 1981, 67th Leg., R.S., ch. 291, § 140, 1981 Tex. Gen. Laws 818, repealed by Acts 1985, 69th Leg., R.S., ch. 685, § 4, 1985 Tex. Gen. Laws 2472 (current version found at Tex.R.App.P. 31). It is well established that appeals from the denial of relief sought in misdemeanor post-conviction writs of habeas corpus are properly directed to the intermediate courts of appeals. See Ex parte Jordan, 659 S.W.2d 827, 828 (Tex.Crim.App. 1983); Dahesh v. State, 51 S.W.3d 300, 302 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 2000, pet. ref'd); see also Tex.R.App.P. 31 (governing appeals from habeas corpus proceedings). Because a misdemeanor post-conviction writ of habeas corpus proceeding is an appealable criminal action within the meaning of Article 44.02 and the order denying habeas corpus relief is an appealable order within the meaning of Rule 25.2(a)(2), we conclude that the certification requirement of Rule 25.2(d) applies in the instant appeal. It is necessary to address a second argument raised by Woodall. She asserts that it is impossible to comply with the certification requirement because the trial court is unable to certify that the appeal is for a jurisdictional defect or that the substance of the appeal was raised by written motion and ruled on before trial. She also points out that the trial court has not granted permission to appeal. Apparently, Woodall mistakenly believes that the certification requirement applies only to guilty pleas. To the contrary, Rules 25.2(a)(2) and (d) apply to judgments entered following a jury trial and to appealable orders. A review of the certification form recommended by the Court of Criminal Appeals reflects that the trial court has five choices available when certifying the defendant's right of appeal in a criminal case. The form provides as follows:
I, judge of the trial court, certify this criminal case:
is not a plea-bargain case, and the defendant has the right of appeal. [ or]
is a plea-bargain case, but matters were raised by written motion filed and ruled on before trial and not withdrawn or waived, and the defendant has the right of appeal. [ or]
is a plea-bargain case, but the trial court has given permission to appeal, and the defendant has the right of appeal. [ or]
is a plea-bargain case, and the defendant has NO right of appeal. [ or]
the defendant has waived the right of appeal.Tex.R.App.P. 25.2(a)(2), Appendix (Trial Court's Certification of Defendant's Right of Appeal). In this particular case, the trial court would be required to certify that the criminal case "is not a plea-bargain case, and the defendant has the right of appeal." Thus, the application of Rule 25.2 does not deprive Woodall of the right to appeal. Woodall is directed to file an amended notice of appeal in the appellate court no later than thirty days after the issuance of this opinion. If Woodall fails to comply with Rule 25.2(d), his appeal will be dismissed pursuant to Rule 25.2(d) without further notice.