Summary
In Estes v. Presswood, 137 S.W. 146, cited by appellee, the question of jurisdiction was determined by the residence of the parties. For the reason stated, these cases are not in point in the instant case, unless there is no provision of the Constitution which conferred jurisdiction upon the county court under the facts of this case.
Summary of this case from Ex Parte GrimesOpinion
April 19, 1911.
Appeal from District Court, Shelby County; James J. Perkins, Judge.
In the matter of the proceedings for guardianship of Omega Estes. From a judgment of the district court on appeal from the county court, A. D. Estes, guardian, appeals adversely to Emma Presswood. Partly affirmed and partly reversed and rendered.
D. M. Short Sons, for appellant.
Tom C. Davis, for appellee.
This appeal is from a judgment in a guardianship proceeding begun in the county court of Shelby county. Succinctly stated, the facts disclosed by the record are as follows:
On March 4, 1910, appellant A. D. Estes, upon his application to the county judge of Shelby county in vacation, was appointed temporary guardian of the person and estate of the minor, Omega Estes. He immediately qualified as such guardian by taking the oath and giving bond as required by the statute. At the time this order was made, citation was ordered issued upon application of said Estes for appointment as permanent guardian of the person and estate of said minor. The minor, Omega Estes, who was 12 years old at the time the application for guardianship was made, is the daughter of J. C. Estes, deceased, and appellee, Emma Presswood, who was formerly the wife of said J. C. Estes. Appellee obtained a divorce from J. C. Estes when the child Omega was about five years old. She did not ask for the custody of the child in her suit for divorce, and no disposition was made of it in the divorce decree. After the separation from his wife, J. C. Estes placed the child, Omega, with his mother and father, the appellant herein, and he also lived at his father's home until his death, which occurred on February 20, 1910. The appellant resides in Shelby county, and appellee and her former husband resided in said county at the time of their marriage and during the time they lived together. The child, Omega, was born in said county and always lived there; her grandparents having had her with them continuously ever since the separation of her father and mother. J. C Estes left a policy of life insurance for $1,000. This is all the property owned by the minor, and the temporary guardianship of her estate was taken out for the purpose of collecting this policy. A year or so before the death of J. C. Estes appellee, Emma Presswood, married V. P. Presswood and moved to Panola county where she now resides. After her separation from J. C. Estes she made no effort to obtain possession of her child until after the death of J. C. Estes, and does not appear to have shown any interest in her except that on one occasion she went to see her when she was sick, and remained several days at appellant's home. She has never made any express surrender of her right to the custody of the child. At the next regular term of the county court of Shelby county after the appointment of appellant as temporary guardian of the person and estate of the minor, Omega Estes, appellee, Mrs. Presswood, appeared and, joined by her husband, filed the following sworn plea to the venue or jurisdiction of the county court of Shelby county to appoint a guardian of the person or estate of said minor;
"(1) That this court has no jurisdiction or right to appoint a guardian of the person of said minor, because Mrs. Emma Presswood is the mother of said minor, is in no way or manner disqualified to take charge of, care for, educate, and support said minor.
"(2) She has never surrendered her right to the possession of said minor to any one, A. D. Estes or any one else, save and except to Jack Estes, the father of said minor, her former husband, who died some time in February, 1910.
"(3) Jack Estes was her former husband from whom she obtained a divorce, and, by agreement between her and her husband after the divorce was granted to her by the district court of Shelby county, the minor, Omega, was allowed to remain with its father, Jack Estes; that she has never consented or agreed that any one else should have the possession, control, or management of said minor.
"(4) That she at this time, and at the time of the appointment of a temporary guardian of the person and estate of said minor, resided in Panola county, Tex., and not in Shelby county, Tex.
"(5) That she knew nothing of the said appointment until long after same was made by this court, and the appointment is in violation of her natural rights to the care of her own child.
"She therefore prays that the order of the court heretofore made in vacation appointing A. D. Estes guardian of the person of said minor be vacated and set aside, and that she have an order of this court requiring the said Estes to restore to her the possession of her said child, and that the court take no further action as to the appointment of a guardian of the person of said child.
"As to the guardianship of the estate of said minor, the said Mrs. Presswood, joined by her husband, says that this court has no jurisdiction of said matter, because she says that she is the mother of said child and resided at the time A. D. Estes was appointed temporary guardian of said child, and all times since that time, in Panola county, Tex., and this court has no jurisdiction to appoint a guardian of estate of said child, that she did not live in Shelby county at the time the appointment was made, and at no time since that time, and knew nothing of the appointment until long after the same was by this court, and that the father of said child, Jack Estes, is dead, and she is the only surviving parent, and the making of the same was a fraud upon her right to be appointed such guardian, she being the mother and the only surviving parent of said child; that she is able to act as the guardian of the estate of said child, and is in no way disqualified, and desires to do so, if this court holds that it has the right to continue the guardianship of the estate of said minor in this court.
"She therefore prays, first, that the order of this court entered in vacation appointing A. D. Estes guardian of the estate of said minor be vacated and set aside and held for naught and this case be dismissed; second, in the event the court hold the matter is to be continued here, she be appointed guardian of the estate of said minor, and for general relief will ever pray."
In answer to this plea, appellant filed a pleading excepting to the sufficiency of the plea to the jurisdiction, and setting up the facts before stated as to the previous residence and custody of the minor, and further alleging facts which, if true, show that appellee is not a suitable person to be intrusted with the guardianship of the person of said minor.
Upon the hearing in the county court, appellee's plea to the jurisdiction was sustained, and the former order of the court appointing appellant guardian of the person and estate of the minor was vacated. No guardian of the person or the estate of the minor was appointed, but, upon the prayer of the appellee, the appellant was ordered to deliver to appellee the possession of the minor. From this judgment appellant appealed to the district court, and upon a trial de novo therein a like judgment was rendered.
A consideration in detail of the several assignments of error presented in appellant's brief is unnecessary and not deemed advisable.
The material questions presented by the record are, first, did the county court of Shelby county and the district court in which the cause on appeal was tried de novo err in sustaining appellee's plea to the venue; and, second, did either of said courts in this proceeding have authority to take the custody of the minor from appellant and award it to appellee, Emma Presswood?
Article 2563, Sayles' Civil Statutes 1897, provides that: "A proceeding for the appointment of a guardian of the estate of a minor shall be commenced in the county where the parents of such minor reside." Article 2565 provides that: "A proceeding for the appointment of a guardian of the person and estate of an orphan, or of either, shall be commenced in the county where the last surviving parent of such orphan resided at the time of the death of such parent; or where the orphan is found, or where the principal estate of such orphan may be." Article 2577 provides: "Where one of the parents is dead, the survivor is the natural guardian of the persons of the minor children and entitled to be appointed guardian of their estates." We think under these provisions of the statute a proceeding for the appointment of a guardian of the estate of a minor who has a parent living should be brought in the county in which such parent resides. The parent, being the natural guardian of the minor child, if qualified to act as such, is entitled to be appointed guardian of the estate of the minor, and a guardianship of the person in such case would be unnecessary. Ordinarily the parent has a greater interest in the welfare of the minor child than any other person, and the statute recognizing this fact, gives the parent precedence in the right to appointment as guardian of the minor's estate, and directs that proceedings for the appointment of such guardian be commenced in the county in which the parent resides. It follows that the court below did not err in sustaining appellee's plea of venue and dismissing the guardianship proceedings.
The minor, Omega Estes, was in the lawful custody of appellant, having been placed there by her father, and the right of appellant to keep the child cannot be determined in this proceeding. The only jurisdiction conferred by the Constitution upon county courts in the control of minors or their estates is to appoint a guardian for such purpose and to control and direct such guardian in the care of the minor and the management of the estate, and such courts have no jurisdiction to determine controversies over the custody of minors. The jurisdiction to determine the right to the custody of a minor is conferred by the Constitution upon the district court, and such jurisdiction can be invoked only by an original proceeding brought in that court, and cannot be exercised on an appeal in a guardianship proceeding begun in the county court. Legate v. Legate, 87 Tex. 248, 28 S.W. 281; State ex rel. Wood v. Deaton, 93 Tex. 247, 54 S.W. 901; Ex parte Reeves, 100 Tex. 617, 103 S.W. 478.
It follows from these conclusions that the judgment of the court below dismissing the guardianship proceedings should be affirmed. But the court below being without jurisdiction in this proceeding to determine the right to the custody of the minor, that portion of the judgment awarding such custody to the appellee, Mrs. Presswood, is reversed, and judgment here rendered dismissing appellee's suit for the custody of the minor.
Affirmed in part. Reversed and rendered in part.