[N.J. State Chamber of Commerce v. N.J. Election Law Enforcement Comm'n, 82 N.J. 57, 69, 411 A.2d 168 (1980).] The beacon we follow was lit in Crescent Park Tenants Ass'n v. Realty Equities Corp., 58 N.J. 98, 275 A.2d 433 (1971). At the outset, the Court took note of the fact that "New Jersey cases have historically taken a much more liberal approach on the issue of standing than have the federal cases."
den. 74 N.J. 278 (1977); accord, Crescent Park Tenants Ass'n v. Realty Equities Corp., 58 N.J. 98, 101 (1971) (incorporated, nonprofit tenant association granted standing to maintain action against landlord); see In re Quinlan, 70 N.J. 10, 34-35 (father of incompetent daughter granted standing to assert her constitutional rights), cert. den. Garger v. United States, 429 U.S. 922, 97 S.Ct. 319, 50 L.Ed.2d 289 (1976); Elizabeth Fed'l S. L. Ass'n v. Howell, 24 N.J. 488, 503 (1957) (savings loan association had standing to attack Banking Commissioner's grant of permission to another institution to establish branch office).
In order to possess standing, the plaintiff must have a sufficient stake in the outcome of the litigation, a real adverseness with respect to the subject matter, and there must be a substantial likelihood that the plaintiff will suffer harm in the event of an unfavorable decision. New Jersey State Chamber of Commerce v. New Jersey Election Law Enforcement Comm'n, supra, 82 N.J. at 67, 411 A.2d 168; Crescent Pk. Tenants Ass'n v. Realty Equities Corp., 58 N.J. 98, 107, 275 A.2d 433 (1971); In re Tp. of Howell, 254 N.J. Super. 411, 416, 603 A.2d 959 (App.Div.), certif. denied, 127 N.J. 548, 606 A.2d 362 (1991). [T]he essential purposes of the standing doctrine in New Jersey. . . . are to assure that the invocation and exercise of judicial power in a given case are appropriate.
The State Constitution does not limit "our judicial power to actual cases and controversies." Camden County, 170 N.J. at 448 (quoting Crescent Park Tenants Ass'n v. Realty Equities Corp. of N.Y., 58 N.J. 98, 107-08 (1971)).
The State Constitution does not limit "our judicial power to actual cases and controversies." Camden County, 170 N.J. at 448, 790 A.2d 158 (quoting Crescent Park Tenants Ass'n v. Realty Equities Corp. of N.Y., 58 N.J. 98, 107-08, 275 A.2d 433 (1971) ). At the same time, courts do not render advisory opinions or "entertain ... plaintiffs who are ‘mere intermeddlers,’ or are merely interlopers or strangers to the dispute."
We return to first principles. New Jersey has long held the view that litigation is "appropriately confined . . . to those situations where the litigant's concern with the subject matter evidenced a sufficient stake and real adverseness." Crescent Park Tenants Ass'n v. Realty Equities Corp., 58 N.J. 98, 107, 275 A.2d 433 (1971). Under New Jersey's standing rules, "[e]ntitlement to sue requires a sufficient stake and real adverseness with respect to the subject matter of the litigation [and a] substantial likelihood of some harm visited upon the plaintiff in the event of an unfavorable decision is needed for the purposes of standing."
New Jersey has traditionally taken a much more liberal approach on the issue than have the federal courts. In re Camden Cty., 170 N.J. 439, 451, 790 A.2d 158 (2002) ; Crescent Park Tenants Ass'n v. Realty Equities Corp. of N.Y., 58 N.J. 98, 101, 275 A.2d 433 (1971). Our courts are not bound by the "case or controversy" requirement that governs federal courts under U.S. Const. Art. III, § 2. Salorio v. Glaser, 82 N.J. 482, 490, 414 A.2d 943 (1980).
Historically, New Jersey courts have taken “a much more liberal approach on the issue of standing than have the federal [courts].” Crescent Park Tenants Ass'n v. Realty Equities Corp. of N.Y., 58 N.J. 98, 101, 275 A.2d 433 (1971) (holding tenant's association had standing to maintain action against landlord concerning matters of common interest). And both our Legislature and courts “have given wide recognition to suits by associations.”
Our courts have traditionally taken a generous view of standing in most contexts. Crescent Park Tenants Ass'n v. Realty Equities Corp. of N.Y., 58 N.J. 98, 107-12, 275 A.2d 433 (1971); N.J. Builders Ass'n v. Mayor Twp. Comm. of Bernards Twp., 219 N.J.Super. 539, 530 A.2d 1254 (App.Div. 1986), aff'd, 108 N.J. 223, 528 A.2d 555 (1987). In 1971, Justice Jacobs emphasized the critical difference between the federal approach to standing and that employed in this State; he wrote:
While we do not render advisory opinions or function in the abstract, our courts have historically taken a liberal approach to the issue of standing. See Crescent Park Tenants Ass'n v. Realty Equities Corp. of N.Y., 58 N.J. 98, 101, 275 A.2d 433 (1971). Standing may be found as long as the parties seeking relief have a sufficient personal stake in the controversy to assure adverseness and the controversy is capable of resolution by the courts.