Opinion
(January Term, 1867.)
1. The return of a sheriff upon process served on the officer of a corporation need not designate the office filled by such person: In any event such return is cured by judgment.
2. The stay law of September, 1861, under which a defendant was "not compelled to plead for twelve months from the return term," did not excuse him from entering an appearance at such return term, and then asking for time to plead.
3. A cause of action on bank bills does not accrue until a demand and refusal.
4. Bank bills bear interest only from the time of demand and refusal.
( Davis v. Shaver, and Sharpe v. Rintels, ante, 18 and 34, cited and approved.)
MOTION to set aside a judgment, allowed by Barnes, J., at Fall Term, 1866, of the Superior Court of WAYNE.
Strong for complainant. (137)
Person for defendant.
The complainant had sued out a writ in assumpsit against the defendant, returnable to Fall Term, 1864, and the return by the sheriff was, "To hand, 30 August, 1864, served a copy of the within on Col. John McRae." At the return term a judgment was taken by default final, for an amount which covered the principal and interest of the bank notes sued upon, counting interest from the dates at which such notes had been issued (4 April, 1856), instead of the time at which they had been protested (5 March, 1864). Upon this judgment execution had issued, and been levied on land belonging to the defendant.
At Spring Term, 1866, motions were made to set aside the execution; to set aside the judgment by default; to reform the judgment, and to retax the costs. These motions having been continued to Fall Term, 1866, the last was not then pressed, and upon consideration of the others, his Honor declined to grant the motion to set aside the execution, but allowed the motion to set aside the judgment.
From this order only an appeal was taken by the complainant, and as thereby the other motions were not brought before this Court, only so much of the statement is given above as relates to the motion to set aside the judgment.
1. The object of the statute (Code, p. 137, sec. 24) is to prevent a general return, and to let the complainant know on whom the writ was served, so that he can determine upon the propriety of such service. Its words are, "an officer," not what officer.
2. The stay law of September, 1861, does not excuse from appearance, which is a different thing from pleading. The former law required defendants to appear, and plead (Code, ch. 31, sec. 57). This law excuses only from the latter. Such has been the uniform practice in the case of executors, etc., who wished time to plead, and the language of the act in their case is identical with that under consideration; compare Code, ch. 46, sec. 33, and Stat., ch. 10, sec. 3, 2d extra session, 1861.
3. That stay law was unconstitutional; for it granted delay whether necessary in the particular case or not, and, upon its own principle, might as well have granted it for ten years as for one. Besides, it drew a distinction between suits to recover interest and those to recover principal. The former law as to the time of entering pleas has existed since the last century. Sections 10, 16 and 19 shows its unconstitutionality upon their face. Jones v. Crittenden, 1 Car. Law Repos., 385; Barnes v. Barnes, 8 Jon., 366.
4. This judgment therefore being regular, cannot be set aside, Davis v. Shaver, ante, 18; Sharpe v. Rintels, ibid., 34; Tidd 1, 568.
This was a motion to set aside a judgment taken by default in the Superior Court of Wayne, and was based upon several grounds, of which only two have been insisted upon in this Court.
1. It is insisted, in the first place, that the writ was not served (138) upon an officer of the Bank of Wilmington as directed by the 24th section of the 26th chapter of the Revised Code. That section directs that the process shall be served upon the president or other head, cashier, treasurer or director of the company. The return of the sheriff in the present case was, "served a copy of the within on Col. John McRae." It is admitted that Col. John McRae was the president of the bank, but it is contended that the fact that he was so ought to have been set forth in the return.
The object of the law was to give notice to the company of the suit brought against it, and that was accomplished by leaving a copy of the writ with one of its officers, whether the return stated his name simply, or stated it with the addition of his official character. In either case, if the court were not satisfied that the process was served upon an officer of the company, it might call for affidavits to prove the fact, before suffering a judgment by default to be taken. But even admitting that the return in this case is not strictly formal, it is certainly cured after judgment by force of the Revised Code, ch. 3d, sec. 5. One of the defects of process, which by that act is made good after a judgment, is "any imperfect or insufficient return of any sheriff or other officer."
2. It is contended, in the second place, that by the act of 1861, 2d extra session, ch. 10, sec. 3, the defendant was "not compelled to plead for twelve months from the return term," and that therefore the judgment which was taken at the return term was irregular and void. To this the complainant replies that the defendant was bound to enter its appearance by attorney before it could claim the benefit of the act with regard to the time for pleading. But the defendant contends that (139) appearance and pleading mean the same thing, and that therefore it was not bound to appear and enter its pleas until the expiration of the time specified in the statute. We are clearly of opinion that in this conflict of argument the complainant is right. According to the principles of pleading, as laid down in all the works on the subject, appearance is a distinct act from pleading, and must always precede it; and in the construction of the act referred to, we must presume, until the contrary appears, that the well-known order of proceeding in a suit was intended. This order is recognized and enforced by our statute law. In the Revised Code, ch. 31, sec. 37, the following, among other "Rules of Court," are laid down: "(1) The complainant shall file his declaration, etc. (2) The defendant shall appear and plead or demur at the same term to which the writ is returnable, otherwise the complainant may have judgment by default, etc.: Provided, that where the nature of the action requires special pleading, the time for pleading may be enlarged. Here appearance and pleading are evidently spoken of as distinct acts, of which the former must precede the latter. It is manifest too that the defendant must appear, that is, enter his appearance upon the docket, and then crave the enlargement of the time for pleading upon showing that the nature of his action requires special pleading. So under the act of 1861, ch. 10, sec. 3, the defendant must enter his appearance at the return term of the court, and then demand the extended time for pleading given in the act. Our conclusion is that the judgment by default, having been properly taken according to the regular course and practice of the court, ought not to have been set aside. Davis v. Shaver, ante, p. 18; Sharpe v. Rintels, ibid., 34. For this cause the order made in the court below must be reversed.
From the statement of the case made by his Honor the presiding judge, and sent to this Court, it appears that the judgment was taken for too much interest. The action being founded upon the promissory notes of a bank, the cause of action did not accrue (140) until a demand and refusal, and the notes did not begin to bear interest until that time.
The counsel for the complainant has agreed to remit the excess, and it is therefore unnecessary for us to take any further notice of this point, even if we could do so upon this appeal.
PER CURIAM. Order reversed.