Opinion
18 Civ. 3167 (LGS)
01-04-2021
COSMOPOLITAN SHIPPING CO., INC., Plaintiff, v. CONTINENTAL INSURANCE COMPANY, Defendant.
ORDER
:
WHEREAS, Cosmopolitan Shipping Company, Inc., ("Cosmopolitan") seeks to establish insurance coverage by relying on secondary evidence to show the existence and terms of a policy, which -- except for three endorsements -- cannot be found. Under New York law, an insured may rely on secondary evidence (i.e., evidence other than the policy itself) to prove the existence and terms of an insurance policy only after the insured demonstrates that it has made a "diligent but unsuccessful search and inquiry for the missing [policy]." Burt Rigid Box, Inc. v. Travelers Prop. Cas. Corp., 302 F.3d 83, 91 (2d Cir. 2002); accord Danaher Corp. v. Travelers Indem. Co., 414 F.Supp.3d 436, 461 (S.D.N.Y. 2019). The diligence requirement stems from the "best evidence" rule codified in Rule 1004 of the Federal Rules of Evidence and is a preliminary question concerning the admissibility of evidence that is to be determined by the Court. Burt Rigid Box, Inc., 302 F.3d at 91-92.
As the parties rely on New York law, the Court applies New York law. See Alphonse Hotel Corp. v. Tran, 828 F.3d 146, 152 (2d Cir. 2016) ("The parties' briefs assume that New York law controls, and such implied consent . . . is sufficient to establish choice of law." (internal quotation marks and citations omitted)). --------
WHEREAS, to show diligence, Cosmopolitan submitted an affidavit of Granville T. Conway, son of the former president of Cosmopolitan and a former shareholder and employee of the company. The affidavit states that Cosmopolitan "commenced an investigation in 1995 for relevant insurance policies to respond to claims asserted by former seamen" but found none at that time. Cosmopolitan conducted a second search nearly a decade later and found no relevant insurance policies. Late, in around 2016, Cosmopolitan directed its counsel to serve subpoenas on insurance companies it believed might have records of lost policies issued to Cosmopolitan, including the Fulton Syndicate, Continental Insurance Company, the American Club, and the Fireman's Fund. These subpoenas turned up no relevant insurance policy. Cosmopolitan also searched various archives, presumably for policies issued to Cosmopolitan, again with no success.
WHEREAS, the Continental Insurance Company ("CIC") argues that Cosmopolitan's policy search was insufficiently diligent because Cosmopolitan did not request the four subpoenaed entities to search for policies issued to the UNRRA; Cosmopolitan did not issue subpoenas to possible foreign insurers; and Cosmopolitan's expert did not conduct an independent search for any policy.
WHEREAS, while Cosmopolitan has shown that it conducted a diligent search for policies issued to Cosmopolitan, it has not yet shown that it conducted a diligent search for Policy C-4893 issued to UNRRA, apart from the three endorsements before the Court. While the three endorsements are sufficient to supply many critical terms of the policy, they also omit critical terms, which must be proved, if at all, by secondary evidence. It is hereby
ORDERED that, consistent with the best evidence rule, Cosmopolitan shall by January 5, 2021, file a letter with the Court proposing how it intends to make a showing that it has conducted, or will conduct, a diligent search for the pertinent remainder of Policy C-4893, and shall state why it should be permitted to do so. CIC shall file a responsive letter by January 12, 2021.
The Clerk of Court is respectfully directed to strike the Order at Dkt. No. 205. Dated: January 4, 2021
New York, New York
/s/ _________
LORNA G. SCHOFIELD
UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE