No. 13-04-272-CR
Memorandum Opinion Delivered and Filed August 22, 2005. DO NOT PUBLISH. Tex.R.App.P. 47.2(b).
On Appeal from the 105th District Court of Kleberg County, Texas.
Before Chief Justice VALDEZ and Justices HINOJOSA and RODRIGUEZ.
Opinion by Chief Justice VALDEZ.
Appellant, Eduardo Contreras, was convicted by a jury of the offense of possession of marihuana in an amount of 2,000 pounds or less but more than fifty pounds. TEX. HEALTH SAFETY CODE ANN. § 481.121(b)(5) (Vernon 2003). As a repeat felony offender, appellant's charge was enhanced from a second to a first degree felony. The jury assessed punishment at twenty-five years' imprisonment. Appellant appeals his conviction in three issues, each alleging ineffective assistance of counsel. Appellant claims that defense counsel was ineffective (1) during the time period for filing a motion for new trial in violation of his right under the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments, (2) in failing to file a motion to limine limiting testimony regarding appellant's prior convictions, and (3) at trial when counsel "opened the door" to appellant's prior convictions and extraneous offenses. We affirm.
I. Background Facts
On July 9, 2003, appellant was traveling to Houston, Texas, and was stopped at the Sarita checkpoint in Kenedy County, Texas. Appellant was detained and consented to a secondary K-9 search of his vehicle. Upon being prompted by a K-9 alert and noticing that the bolts of the gas tank had recently been removed, border patrol agents searched and discovered sixty-two pounds of marihuana in a secret compartment on top of appellant's modified gas tank. The modified gas tank appeared to have been built for the purpose of concealing illegal contraband. Appellant was subsequently arrested and transported to Kleberg County by a Kleberg County Sheriff's Deputy. At trial, appellant pled not guilty and took the stand. He testified that he had purchased the vehicle only a couple of weeks prior to the stop and was unaware that the marihuana was hidden in the vehicle. Appellant introduced a registration receipt into evidence showing that the vehicle was registered on July 7, 2003, just a week before taking the trip. On direct examination, appellant testified to his prior criminal history, including, but not limited to, a possession of marihuana felony conviction in 1990 and a possession of marihuana felony conviction in 1995 in the state of Indiana. Appellant pointed out that in his previous cases he pled guilty. Upon being asked by defense counsel why he pled guilty in those cases, appellant answered: "Because I was guilty. I knew I was guilty." There was no objection by the defense to the admittance of the two certified judgments from appellant's previous felony convictions. Appellant did not file a motion for new trial. However, appellant filed a notice of appeal on May 19, 2004. During a status of appeal hearing on June 10, 2004, the record notes that because defense counsel filed notice of appeal for appellant, he was to continue as appellant's attorney on appeal. On July 22, 2004, appellant's trial counsel filed a Motion to Withdraw as Counsel on the appeal. In his motion, counsel states that "the only . . . possible appealable issue is, Ineffective Assistance of Counsel." Because this created a conflict of interest for counsel, the trial court granted his motion. On July 26, 2004, new counsel was appointed to represent appellant for his appeal. II. Ineffective Assistance of Counsel a. Standard of Review
Ineffective assistance of counsel claims are examined by the two-pronged standard set out in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984). See Hernandez v. State, 726 S.W.2d 53, 55 (Tex.Crim.App. 1986). Appellant has the burden to show by a preponderance of the evidence that (1) trial counsel's performance was deficient in that it fell below the prevailing professional norms, and (2) the deficiency prejudiced the defendant; that is, but for the deficiency, there is a reasonable probability that the result of the proceeding would have been different. See Mallett v. State, 65 S.W.3d 59, 62-63 (Tex.Crim.App. 2001); Thompson v. State, 9 S.W.3d 808, 812 (Tex.Crim.App. 1999). Our review of counsel's representation is highly deferential and presumes counsel's actions fell within a wide range of reasonable professional assistance. See Mallett, 65 S.W.3d at 63. It is appellant's burden to prove, by a preponderance of the evidence, that there is no plausible professional reason for a specific act or omission. See Bone v. State, 77 S.W.3d 828, 833 (Tex.Crim.App. 2002). A substantial risk of failure accompanies a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel on direct appeal because the record is generally underdeveloped and cannot adequately reflect the failings of trial counsel. See Thompson, 9 S.W.3d at 814; McCullough v. State, 116 S.W.3d 86, 92 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 2001, pet. ref'd). Therefore, it is critical that the defendant make the necessary record in the trial court to rebut the Strickland presumption that counsel's conduct was strategic. See Thompson, 9 S.W.3d at 814; McCullough, 116 S.W.3d at 92. This kind of record is best developed in a hearing on a motion for new trial, or by application for a writ of habeas corpus. See Jackson v. State, 973 S.W.2d 954, 957 (Tex.Crim.App. 1998) (per curiam); McCullough, 116 S.W.3d at 92. Without evidence of the strategy and methods involved concerning counsel's actions at trial, the court will presume sound trial strategy. See Thompson, 9 S.W.3d at 814. b. Motion for New Trial
In the instant case, appellant argues that trial counsel obviously failed to act effectively on appellant's behalf during the time for filing the new trial motion because no such motion was filed. Appellant argues that some courts of appeals have held that a defendant is constitutionally entitled to counsel during the time limit for filing a motion for a new trial. See, e.g., Jack v. State, 42 S.W.3d 291, 293 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 2001, no pet.); Prudhomme v. State, 28 S.W.3d 114, 119 (Tex.App.-Texarkana 2001, pet. ref'd). However, the facts from the cases to which appellant cites are distinguishable from the present case. It is clearly obvious from the record that appellant had counsel during the crucial thirty-day period after sentencing. Appellant argues that during the status hearing on appeal, although trial counsel had filed a notice of appeal on appellant's behalf, he had taken no other action due to his conflict of interest. There is no evidence in the record that supports his claim. The record merely shows that trial counsel sought to remove himself from the case on July 22, 2004, because the only ground for appeal that he could determine was potentially meritorious for appellant was ineffectiveness of counsel. Trial counsel's conflict of interest in appellant's appeal had not yet become a factor during the thirty-day period appellant had to file a motion for a new trial. The court of criminal appeals has stated that, "When a motion for new trial is not filed in a case, the rebuttable presumption is that it was considered by the appellant and rejected." Smith v. State, 17 S.W.3d 660, 662 (Tex.Crim.App. 2000); Oldham v. State, 977 S.W.2d 354, 363 (Tex.Crim.App. 1998). When the record does not reflect that trial counsel withdrew or was replaced by new counsel after sentencing, there is a rebuttable presumption that trial counsel continued to effectively represent the defendant during the time limit for filing a motion for new trial. See Smith, 17 S.W.3d at 662; Oldham, 977 S.W.2d at 363. As such, when a motion for new trial is not filed in a case, there is a rebuttable presumption that the defendant was counseled by his attorney regarding the merits of the motion and ultimately rejected the option. Oldham, 977 S.W.2d at 363. We must presume that because trial counsel sought to remove himself after the thirty-day motion for new trial period he continued to effectively represent the appellant during this time. Furthermore, we are to presume that because no motion for a new trial was filed within the time limit, appellant considered and rejected the idea of a motion for a new trial. Appellant has provided no evidence supported by the record to the contrary. See Thompson, 9 S.W.3d at 814; McCullough, 116 S.W.3d at 92. Therefore, we overrule appellant's first issue. c. Prior Criminal History
In appellant's second and third issues, he claims ineffectiveness of counsel because of counsel's failure to file a motion in limine regarding appellant's prior criminal history and because counsel "opened the door" to appellant's prior convictions and extraneous offenses on direct examination. The record shows defense counsel's attempts to preemptively use appellant's criminal record to his advantage. Appellant attempted to rationalize the differences between his previous felony convictions, where he chose to plead guilty, and this case where he did not. It is clear from the record that appellant's trial strategy involved demonstrating to the jury that he was willing to accept responsibility for wrongs he actually committed, and implying that because he was not pleading guilty to the current charge, he must not have committed it. Considering all the circumstances, including appellant's independent decision to testify against the advice of counsel, there is no evidence that counsel did not maintain a sound defense strategy. See Thompson, 9 S.W.3d at 814; McCullough, 116 S.W.3d at 92. We conclude that trial counsel's actions fell into the wide range of reasonable professional assistance. See Mallett, 65 S.W.3d at 63. We therefore overrule appellant's second and third issues. III. Conclusion
Having overruled all appellant's issues, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.