" Id. "Nonetheless, we will not deny the insurer the benefit of unambiguous terms inserted into the contract for its benefit." Concord Gen. Mut. Ins. Co. v. Madore, 2005 VT 70, ¶ 9, 178 Vt. 281, 882 A.2d 1152. ¶ 9.
A term does not become ambiguous simply because it is not defined. See Concord Gen. Mut. Ins. Co. v. Madore, 2005 VT 70, ¶¶ 9–10, 178 Vt. 281, 283, 285, 882 A.2d 1152, 1155 (noting that when confronted with an undefined term in an insurance contract, “we may take judicial notice of its dictionary definition to determine its popular meaning,” and defining policy term “sexual molestation” in accordance with this approach); Hardwick Recycling & Salvage, Inc. v. Acadia Ins. Co., 2004 VT 124, ¶ 26, 177 Vt. 421, 432, 869 A.2d 82, 91 (observing that the term “damages” was undefined in insurance contract, and “[r]ecognizing that the court may take judicial notice of an insurance term's dictionary definition when that term is not defined by the policy”). To the extent Mr. Knelman argues that Middlebury was required to “charge” him and find him “guilty” before he could be dismissed from the hockey team, he cites no provision of the Handbook which requires Middlebury to take disciplinary action against any student for a non-academic conduct offense.
However, the Court must "not deny the insurer the benefit of unambiguous terms inserted into the contract for its benefit." Concord Gen. Mut. Ins. Co. v. Madore, 2005 VT 70, ¶ 9, 882 A.2d 1152, 1155 (citing Fireman's Fund Ins. Co. v. CNA Ins. Co., 2004 VT 93, ¶ 9, 862 A.2d 251, 256.) At the outset, in looking at the "business purposes sought to be achieved by the parties", the CGL issued to Mayhew Enterprises, Inc. was a business policy intended to protect the corporation, and there is no suggestion the policy was intended to protect an executive officer operating a personal vehicle.
We review a trial court's ruling on the amount of attorney's fees awarded for abuse of discretion. Elec. Man, Inc. v. Charos, 2006 VT 16, ¶ 6, 179 Vt. 351, 895 A.2d 193; Human Rights Comm'n v. LaBrie, Inc., 164 Vt. 237, 251, 668 A.2d 659, 669 (1995). A decision of a trial court granting attorney's fees as a matter of law is reviewed de novo on appeal. Will v. Mill Condo. Owners' Ass'n, 2006 VT 36, ¶ 5, 179 Vt. 500, 898 A.2d 1264 (citing Concord Gen. Mut. Ins. Co. v. Madore, 2005 VT 70, ¶ 8, 178 Vt. 281, 882 A.2d 1152). Here, the issue is whether the City is entitled to its attorney's fees under the terms of the Agreement and, if so, the extent of those fees.
Similarly, the interpretation of the terms of an insurance contract presents a question of law, not fact, and our review is therefore "plenary, and nondeferential." Concord Gen. Mut. Ins. Co. v. Madore, 2005 VT 70, ¶ 9, 178 Vt. 281, 882 A.2d 1152. ¶ 9.
But this overstates the importance of the premises description and ignores the rest of the policy, with which it must be construed as part of an integrated whole. Concord Gen. Mut. Ins. Co. v. Madore, 2005 VT 70, ¶ 12, 178 Vt. 281, 882 A.2d 1152. Here, the policy provided property coverage "for direct physical loss of or damage to Covered Property at the premises described in the Declarations."
As this appeal presents only questions of law, our review is nondeferential and plenary. Concord Gen. Mut. Ins. Co. v. Madore, 2005 VT 70, ¶ 9, 178 Vt. 281, 882 A.2d 1152. I.
We agree that the grounds for the discovery order no longer existed. See Concord Gen. Mut. Ins. Co. v. Madore, 2005 VT 70, ¶ 15, 178 Vt. 281, 882 A.2d 1152 (concluding defendants' claim that court erred in denying them discovery was moot where request related to issue that was immaterial to policy exclusion). Second, plaintiff claims the court erred in dismissing his count that Nationwide acted in bad faith in its actions with respect to plaintiff and Riddle. Since we have found that Nationwide did not breach its duty to defend Riddle and properly denied coverage under the employment exclusion in the policy, there is no basis for a bad faith claim.
Finally, the trial court denied Will's claim for costs because she had not provided an adequate accounting. Will challenges these rulings in her appeal. The trial court denied Will's damages claim and attorneys' fees as a matter of law; therefore, our review is de novo. Concord Gen. Mut. Ins. Co. v. Madore, 2005 VT 70, ¶ 8, 178 Vt. 281, 882 A.2d 1152. We renew the denial of costs for abuse of discretion. Jordan v. Nissan N. Am., Inc., 2004 VT 27, ¶ 16, 176 Vt. 465, 853 A.2d 40.