Opinion
20-P-512
02-16-2021
COMMONWEALTH v. JAMAIL D. HAIRSTON.
NOTICE: Summary decisions issued by the Appeals Court pursuant to M.A.C. Rule 23.0, as appearing in 97 Mass. App. Ct. 1017 (2020) (formerly known as rule 1:28, as amended by 73 Mass. App. Ct. 1001 [2009]), are primarily directed to the parties and, therefore, may not fully address the facts of the case or the panel's decisional rationale. Moreover, such decisions are not circulated to the entire court and, therefore, represent only the views of the panel that decided the case. A summary decision pursuant to rule 23.0 or rule 1:28 issued after February 25, 2008, may be cited for its persuasive value but, because of the limitations noted above, not as binding precedent. See Chace v. Curran, 71 Mass. App. Ct. 258, 260 n.4 (2008).
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER PURSUANT TO RULE 23.0
Following a bench trial in the Superior Court, the defendant was convicted of the lesser included offense of assault and battery, G. L. c. 265, § 13A, on an indictment charging him with indecent assault and battery, G. L. c. 265, § 13H. On appeal, he argues that it was error to permit the officer who questioned him about the incident to testify at trial that he "refused to answer any questions" after receiving his Miranda warnings. Because there was no objection (and no motion to strike the officer's testimony), "we must determine whether the error created a substantial risk of a miscarriage of justice." See Commonwealth v. Alphas, 430 Mass. 8, 13 (1999).
The judge allowed the defendant's motion for a required finding of not guilty on an additional charge of open and gross lewdness stemming from the same series of events and the defendant was acquitted of two counts of indecent assault and battery.
See generally Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 471 (1966).
Background. In June 2018, the defendant and the victim, whom we shall call Ed, were incarcerated at the Massachusetts Treatment Center (MTC). The two struck up a friendship and initially enjoyed visiting and doing things together. However, within a few weeks, the defendant's conduct changed. At first, he touched Ed on his "front private area" and his "butt." He then became more aggressive and on one occasion he pinned Ed to the floor of his cell and put his hand inside Ed's pants from behind. Following this incident, Ed reported the defendant's conduct to two fellow inmates, Thomas McMahon and Derek Gaughan. Both McMahon and Gaughan testified at trial, McMahon as a first complaint witness and Gaughan as an eyewitness to one of the assaults. Ed then reported the incident to Richard Pagan, an internal perimeter security officer. Ed sustained a bruise during the incident, which was observed by Officer Pagan and a nurse who examined Ed at the health services unit. After speaking with Ed, Officer Pagan initiated an investigation, which included conducting interviews and viewing video surveillance tapes. During the course of his investigation, Officer Pagan questioned the defendant. The interview was conducted in an "interrogation room." Officer Pagan testified that he "Mirandized" the defendant, which we understand to mean that the defendant was given his Miranda warnings, and the defendant would not answer his questions. The exchange between the prosecutor and Officer Pagan was as follows:
We note that the testimony regarding the giving of Miranda warnings was solicited during cross-examination, but that does not affect our analysis.
Q.: "And who did you speak to other than [Ed]?"
A.: "I also spoke with the defendant, which he refused to answer any questions."
Q.: "All right. Not what he said, but just who you spoke to."
A.: "As far as witnesses: Derek Gaughan, McMahon -- I don't remember his first name -- and [Ed]. That was it."
The defendant testified on his own behalf and denied the allegations. He acknowledged that he was friendly with Ed and went to his cell on a number of occasions, although doing so was against the rules of the facility, so that Ed could fix his electronics.
Discussion. As the Commonwealth properly concedes, Officer Pagan's testimony that the defendant "refused to answer any questions" was improper. It is well settled that "a defendant's silence after [receiving Miranda] warnings will carry no penalty." Commonwealth v. Peixoto, 430 Mass. 654, 657 (2000). Here, Officer Pagan's response implied that if the defendant had not engaged in the conduct on which the charges were based, he would have denied the allegations when Officer Pagan interviewed him, as the defendant later did at trial. Although we conclude the testimony was admitted in error, we agree with the Commonwealth that the error did not create a substantial risk of a miscarriage of justice. See Alphas, 430 Mass. at 13.
To begin with, we note that the defendant was tried without a jury. Even in the absence of an objection, we are confident that the trial judge was aware of the legal principles implicated by the testimony at issue and would have disregarded it. We further note that the prosecutor immediately sought to clarify Officer Pagan's testimony and never mentioned the defendant's post-Miranda silence during the remainder of the trial. Contrast Commonwealth v. Rendon-Alvarez, 48 Mass. App. Ct. 140, 142 (1999) (defendant entitled to new trial where prosecutor highlighted improper testimony regarding post-Miranda silence during closing argument). More fundamentally, the evidence of guilt was strong. In addition to Ed's testimony and that of the first complaint witness, the video surveillance tapes showed the defendant entering Ed's room on multiple occasions during the relevant time period. The Commonwealth also introduced a photograph depicting a bruise on Ed's upper arm that corroborated Ed's testimony that the defendant had pinned him to the ground, and Gaughan testified that he saw the defendant wrestling with someone in Ed's room. Given this evidence, we conclude that the challenged testimony had very slight, if any, effect and did not create a substantial risk of a miscarriage of justice. See Alphas, 430 Mass. at 14.
Judgment affirmed.
By the Court (Vuono, Rubin & Sullivan, JJ.),
The panelists are listed in order of seniority.
/s/
Clerk Entered: February 16, 2021.