Opinion
Submitted May 2, 1966.
June 24, 1966.
Criminal law — Constitutional law — 6th and 14th Amendments — Criminal prosecutions — Rule of Escobedo v. Illinois.
1. The rule of Escobedo v. Illinois, 378 U.S. 478, should not be applied retrospectively to convictions finally sustained prior to the announcement of the rule on June 22, 1964. [295]
Criminal law — Practice — Criminal procedure — Plea of guilty — Effect.
2. A plea of guilty to an indictment charging murder constitutes an admission of guilt and of all the facts averred in the indictment and also constitutes a waiver of all nonjurisdictional defects and defenses. [296]
Mr. Justice COHEN took no part in the consideration or decision of this case.
Before BELL, C. J., MUSMANNO, JONES, EAGEN, O'BRIEN and ROBERTS, JJ.
Appeal, No. 246, Jan. T., 1966, from order of Court of Common Pleas No. 10 of Philadelphia County, Sept. T., 1965, No. 3000, in case of Commonwealth ex rel. Isaiah James Green, Jr. v. David N. Myers, Superintendent. Order affirmed.
Habeas corpus.
Petition dismissed, order by SPAETH, JR., J. Relator appealed.
Isaiah James Green, Jr., appellant, in propria persona. Joseph M. Smith, Assistant District Attorney, and Arlen Specter, District Attorney, for appellee.
This is an appeal from the Order of the Court of Common Pleas No. 8 of Philadelphia County denying without a hearing appellant's petition for a writ of habeas corpus which had been filed in the Court of Common Pleas No. 10.
Appellant, while represented by counsel, pleaded guilty to murder. He was tried before a three Judge Court which found him guilty of murder in the first degree with penalty fixed at death and judgment of sentence was entered thereon. He appealed to this Court which ordered that he be resentenced, and the lower Court resentenced him to death. He again appealed to this Court. In that appeal we vacated the sentence of death and ordered that he be sentenced to life imprisonment. See Commonwealth v. Green, 396 Pa. 137, 151 A.2d 241.
Relator's main contention in this habeas corpus proceeding is that the admission of his confession at his trial after he had pleaded guilty, while represented by counsel, deprived him of due process of law because his confession was coerced and was made at a time when he was without counsel and when he was not advised of his right to counsel.
Green's conviction and sentence and his right to appeal therefrom became final prior to Escobedo v. Illinois, 378 U.S. 478, and that case is not to be retroactively applied to the facts in this case. See also Johnson v. New Jersey, 384 U.S. 719 (filed 6/20/66), 34 L.W. 4592.
In Commonwealth ex rel. Keller v. Maroney, 419 Pa. 318, 214 A.2d 249, at pages 320-321, we said. "Our conclusion is fortified by this Court's recent decision in Commonwealth v. Negri, 419 Pa. 117, 213 A.2d 670 (decided by this Court September 29, 1965), which held that Escobedo was not to be given retrospective effect in Pennsylvania. The term 'retrospective' as defined in Linkletter v. Walker, 381 U.S. 618, 622 (1965), is coupled with finality and '. . . applies to state court convictions which had become final before rendition of . . . [the opinion of the Supreme Court] . . . By final we mean where the judgment of conviction was rendered, the availability of appeal exhausted, and the time for petition for certiorari had elapsed before our decision in . . . [Escobedo].' " In view of Linkletter v. Walker, it is clear that Escobedo is inapplicable since the conviction in this case had become final prior to the decision in Escobedo and the time for appeal in the instant case had long since expired.
(Italics in original)
Furthermore, the question of the voluntariness of Green's confession was decided in his direct appeal. We said, in Commonwealth v. Green, 396 Pa., supra, at page 143:
". . . When the written confession was introduced during the direct examination of Detective Hammes, appellant's counsel made no objection whatsoever. On the other hand, appellant's counsel not only conceded the absence of any duress in securing this confession but emphasized the voluntary nature of the confession so that the court might be impressed by the fact that Green made no effort to hide the crime."
Moreover, relator's guilty plea in open Court while represented by counsel is a confession of guilt of the crime or crimes with which he is charged in the indictment and also constitutes a waiver of all nonjurisdictional defects and defenses. Commonwealth ex rel. Ward v. Russell, 419 Pa. 240, 213 A.2d 628; Commonwealth ex rel. Swilley v. Maroney, 420 Pa. 419, 218 A.2d 242; Commonwealth ex rel. Hobbs v. Russell, 420 Pa. 1, 215 A.2d 858; Commonwealth ex rel. Adderley v. Myers, 419 Pa. 536, 215 A.2d 624; Commonwealth ex rel. Sanders v. Maroney, 417 Pa. 380, 207 A.2d 789; Commonwealth ex rel. Parker v. Myers, 414 Pa. 427, 200 A.2d 770; Commonwealth ex rel. Walls v. Rundle, 414 Pa. 53, 198 A.2d 528.
Order affirmed.
Mr. Justice COHEN took no part in the consideration or decision of this case.