Opinion
Decided June 10, 1931.
Court of Appeals — Jurisdiction fixed by Constitution — Section 6, Article IV, Constitution — Error proceedings lie from judgments and final orders — Appeal contemplates removal of cause and trial de novo — Final disposition of entire chancery case prerequisite to appeal — Receiver's disallowance of installments due under land contract — Error proceedings, and not appeal, lies.
1. Court of Appeals' appellate jurisdiction is conferred by Constitution and is not statutory (Article IV, Section 6, Constitution).
2. In error proceedings, review is allowed in Court of Appeals from all judgments and final orders of inferior courts of record (Article IV, Section 6, Constitution).
3. Appeal to Court of Appeals contemplates trial de novo and complete transfer of case to jurisdiction of Court of Appeals (Article IV, Section 6, Constitution).
4. Constitutional provision confining appellate jurisdiction of Court of Appeals to "chancery cases" limits such jurisdiction to appeal of entire case after final disposition thereof by inferior court (Article IV, Section 6, Constitution).
5. Refusing order directing receiver to allow installments due under land contract, though constituting "final order," may be reviewed by Court of Appeals only in error proceedings, where case was still pending in lower court (Article IV, Section 6, Constitution).
6. To perfect appeal of chancery case to Court of Appeals, it must appear that case was finally and completely disposed of in lower court (Article IV, Section 6, Constitution).
APPEAL: Court of Appeals for Franklin county.
Mr. Harry Kohn, for plaintiff.
Mr. F.S. Crooks, for defendants.
The appeal to this court is directed to a ruling of the common pleas court wherein the application of one Nathan Wasserstrom for an order directing the receiver to allow certain installments due under a land contract was disallowed. It was conceded by the record, and statement of counsel, that the matter of receivership in the above-entitled case is still pending in the common pleas court of Franklin county; that the effect of this appeal would be to transfer one question to the Court of Appeals, namely, the refusal of Nathan Wasserstrom's application, while the rest of the case still remains a pending action in the common pleas court. While the question before this court as to the appealability of the matter herein involved was not raised by either counsel, yet we deem the question of such importance that in the interest of clarity and orderly procedure a pronouncement by this court would seem beneficial. Keeping in mind that the appellate jurisdiction of this court is not governed by statute, but instead is conferred directly by the Constitution of Ohio, the language used in the Constitution relating to the conferring of such appellate jurisdiction must be carefully read and studied. Section 6, Article IV, of the Ohio Constitution, in enumerating the power and jurisdiction of the Court of Appeals, contains, among other provisions, the following language: "And appellate jurisdiction in the trial of chancery cases."
This phrase as used in the Constitution was construed by the Supreme Court of Ohio in the case of Forest City Investment Co. v. Haas, 110 Ohio St. 188, 143 N.E. 549. It was therein held that a proceeding for the appointment of a receiver does not constitute a chancery case within the language of Section 6, Article IV, of the Ohio Constitution; that while such order is a judgment which may be reviewed by the Court of Appeals on error, it is not appealable. In the opinion of the Supreme Court the case of Thompson v. Denton, 95 Ohio St. 333, 116 N.E. 452, is referred to and discussed. In this latter case the Supreme Court held that an order fixing compensation of a receiver was a final order from which appeal would lie. The opinion proceeds to state that since the case of Investment Co. v. Haas cannot be distinguished in principle from Thompson v. Denton, supra, it follows that the decision in Thompson v. Denton must be overruled. As we view the policy of this state as set forth by the Constitution of Ohio it was designed to provide two methods of correcting the wrongs complained of by the aggrieved parties, the one through the channel of error proceedings, wherein a review is allowed in the Court of Appeals from all judgments and final orders of courts of record inferior to that of the Court of Appeals; the second by way of appeal, which contemplates a trial de novo and a complete transfer of the case from the jurisdiction of the inferior court to that of the Court of Appeals.
When the Constitution confined the appellate jurisdiction of Courts of Appeals to "chancery" cases, it intended thereby to limit such appellate jurisdiction to an appeal of the entire case after final disposition of same by the court inferior to the Court of Appeals. It was not considered sound policy to permit a case to be split into several fragments, one part to remain in the court wherein the action was originally filed while another part is transferred to the Court of Appeals.
There can be no question that the order refusing the application of Wasserstrom is a final order, and that its correctness could be tested by the filing of a petition in error to the Court of Appeals. He chose a different course and seeks in effect to accomplish a review of an alleged erroneous order by the method of appeal. We are of the opinion that such procedure is not now possible in Ohio. In order to effectively perfect an appeal it must appear that the chancery case in which appeal is sought was finally and completely disposed of in the court wherein it was filed. In such case the perfecting of the appeal operates as a complete transfer of the entire case from the jurisdiction of the court wherein it was originally filed to the Court of Appeals. There can be no appeal as long as the entire case is not transferred from the jurisdiction of the inferior court to that of the Court of Appeals. If the chancery case originally filed in the court of common pleas is still a pending action in said court, there is but one method for the testing of final orders made by such inferior court, namely, by the filing of a petition in error seeking to review the correctness of same.
As we see it, the framers of the Constitution of Ohio, in using the expression "chancery cases," intended that appeal to the Court of Appeals should lie only when by its process the entire case is transferred to the Court of Appeals, as distinguished from one part, or one step in a case, which still remains pending in the court wherein it was commenced.
In the case at bar, had the party chosen to test the correctness of the ruling of the common pleas court in refusing Wasserstrom's application by the filing of a petition in error, the matter would have been properly before this court, as this court could make such order on review as would effectively cure or remedy any substantial wrong complained of by the aggrieved party.
We conclude this court is without jurisdiction to entertain this appeal, as the same is directed to but one order or one step in a case which is still a pending action in the court of common pleas. In view of the foregoing it is ordered that the appeal be dismissed.
Appeal dismissed.
ALLREAD, P.J., and HORNBECK, J., concur.