Opinion
Opinion filed November 13, 1942.
1. GAMING.
The loser in a game of chance may retract his bet and recover the stake from the stakeholder when the loser makes demand on the stakeholder before payment to the winner.
2. GAMING.
Where member of partnership who lost in dice game indorsed cashier's check payable to partnership and directed the scorekeeper and stakeholder to turn the check over to the winner of the dice game, and the stakeholder with the aid of a third person had the check cashed, and turned the proceeds over to the winner, the check was not "founded" on a gaming consideration nor was it "negotiated" by the winner, the stakeholder, and the third person in violation of statute providing that any person who negotiates for value, and without giving notice to the purchaser, any negotiable instrument, founded in whole or in part on any gaming or wagering consideration, is guilty of a misdemeanor (Code 1932, sec. 7818).
3. GAMING.
Where member of partnership who lost in dice game indorsed cashier's check payable to partnership and directed the scorekeeper and stakeholder to turn the check over to the winner of the game, and the stakeholder with the aid of a third person had the check cashed and turned the proceeds over to the winner, partnership was not entitled to recover the check in action against the winner, the stakeholder, and the third person.
FROM McMINN.Appeal from Chancery Court of McMinn County. — HON. T.L. STEWART, Chancellor.
Suit by the Clemmer Motor Company against Mack Towler and others to recover a cashier's check payable to the order of the complainant. The chancellor found the issues in favor of the defendants and dismissed the bill, and the complainant appealed to the Court of Appeals. To review a decree affirming the chancellor's decree, the complainant brings certiorari. Certiorari denied.
CHAS.C. GUINN, of Benton, and RUEL R. WEBB, of Etowah, for appellant.
R.A. DAVIS, RALPH W. DUGGAN, and H.M. GREGORY, all of Athens, for appellees.
Complainant seeks by its bill herein to recover of defendants a cashier's check in the amount of $1,125 issued by the Ducktown Banking Company, payable to the order of complainant. It is alleged in the bill that M.E. Clemmer, one of the partners of the complainant company, lost this check to one Mack Towler in a game of dice; that defendants C.M. Wise and C.L. Williams were accomplices of Mack Towler in this gambling venture; that the check was delivered to Wise and was endorsed by him over to Williams, who obtained the cash thereon in violation of sections 7814 and 7815 of the Code of Tennessee. Defendants Wise and Williams made answer and denied the material allegations of the bill. On the hearing, the chancellor found the issues in favor of defendants and dismissed the bill. The Court of Appeals affirmed the decree of the chancellor. Complainant has filed its petition for certiorari and assigned errors.
There is little, if any, conflict in the evidence as to the material facts of the case. The chancellor found that the proof shows that Wise was present during the dice game and that he was stakeholder and scorekeeper for the parties, Clemmer and Towler, who were gaming, and that when the amount of the check was lost to Towler he (Wise) was directed by Clemmer to surrender it to Towler, first endorsing it in regular order; that the following morning, Wise asked Williams to accompany him to Ducktown to get the check cashed. This he did, and identified Wise at the bank, and for that purpose endorsed the check, and the bank paid the same to Wise; that neither Wise nor Williams received for themselves any part of the proceeds of the check.
Wise (complainant's witness) testified that he turned over the proceeds of the check to Towler; that Clemmer told him (Wise) "now you can turn the check over or get it cashed."
There is a concurrent finding of the chancellor and the Court of Appeals to the effect that there is no proof of a conspiracy upon the part of the defendants; that Williams was not a party to the dice game and received no part of the proceeds of the check, and did not know that the check was a stake held by Wise at the time it was cashed. Likewise, there is a concurrent finding to the effect that Wise was a stakeholder and cashed the check in question and delivered the money to the winner, without any notice from the loser not to deliver the stake. The rule seems to be that the loser in a game of chance may retract his bet and recover the stake from the stakeholder when he makes demand on the stakeholder before payment to the winner. Perkins v. Hyde, 14 Tenn. (6 Yerg.), 288, 289, 294; Bates v. Lancaster, 29 Tenn. (10 Humph.), 134, 51 Am. Dec., 696.
Complainant insists that Wise was "scorekeeper" as well as stakeholder. It appears that Clemmer would execute his check for $100 from time to time, to Towler, who would cash the same and then Towler would pass the check to Wise to be held against the cashier's check placed in his hands by Clemmer. This procedure did not change the character of Wise's holding of the check as stakeholder. It is asserted that Wise was an aider and abettor in the game. In a criminal prosecution this question might arise. But, this is a suit to recover from Wise the cashier's check, held by him as stakeholder, the proceeds of which was paid over to the winner by him without notice from the loser not to do so.
It is contended by complainant that defendants "negotiated" the check in question in violation of Code, section 7818, which section reads: "Any person who negotiates for value, and without giving notice to the purchaser, any negotiable instrument, founded in whole or in part on any gaming or wagering consideration, is guilty of a misdemeanor."
Defendants did not "negotiate" the check. They merely presented it for payment. Such presentation was not a negotiation. Figuer v. Fly, 137 Tenn. 358, 377, 193 S.W. 117. Furthermore, the check was not "founded" in whole or in part on any gaming or wagering consideration. On the contrary, it was a cashier's check issued by the bank and presented for payment, duly endorsed by the payee.
Certiorari denied.