Opinion
Civil Action 23-20646 (CPO)
08-15-2024
PEDRO LUIS RAMIREZ CARVALLOS, Petitioner, v. WARDEN, FCI FORT DIX, Respondent.
OPINION
CHRISTINE P. O'HEARN, UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
Petitioner is a federal prisoner currently incarcerated at Federal Correctional Institution Fort Dix, in Fort Dix, New Jersey. He is proceeding pro se with a Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2241. (ECF No. 1.) For the reasons stated in this Opinion, the Court will dismiss the Petition for lack of jurisdiction.
I. BACKGROUND
This case arises from the Bureau of Prison's (“BOP”) calculation of Petitioner's earned time credits under the First Step Act (“FSA”), 28 C.F.R. § 523.40 et. seq. Petitioner contends that he has earned an unspecified number of credits, towards early transfer to supervised release. (ECF No. 1, at 9-11.)
He alleges that the BOP refused to apply those credits and declared him ineligible, because of an immigration detainer lodged against him. (Id.) In his Answer, Respondent maintains that the detainer policy is not the reason for Petitioner's ineligibility. (ECF No. 7, at 1-2.) Instead, Respondent alleges that Petitioner is ineligible because he was convicted of disqualifying offenses, “carrying and possessing a firearm during a crime of violence in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c) and hostage taking in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1203, both of which are . . . expressly excluded from earning time credits under the First Step Act.” (See id.; ECF No. 7-1, ¶ 5.)
It appears that Petitioner did not challenge his eligibility directly with the BOP, choosing instead to initiate this habeas action. (ECF No. 1, at 2-3; ECF No. 1-1.) Petitioner filed the instant Petition in September of 2023, (ECF No. 1), Respondent filed an Answer opposing relief, (ECF No. 7), and Petitioner did not file a reply.
II. STANDARD OF REVIEW
Courts hold pro se pleadings to less stringent standards than more formal pleadings drafted by lawyers. See Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 106 (1976). Courts must construe pro se habeas petitions and any supporting submissions liberally and with a measure of tolerance. See Royce v. Hahn, 151 F.3d 116, 118 (3d Cir. 1998). If a court does not dismiss the petition at the screening stage, the court “must review the answer, any transcripts and records . . . to determine whether” the matter warrants an evidentiary hearing. Rule 8(a) of the Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases in the United States District Courts (made applicable to proceedings under § 2241 by Rule 1(b)). “Whether to order a hearing is within the sound discretion of the trial court,” and depends on whether the hearing “would have the potential to advance the petitioner's claim.” Campbell v. Vaughn, 209 F.3d 280, 287 (3d Cir. 2000); States v. Friedland, 879 F.Supp. 420, 434 (D.N.J. 1995) (applying the § 2255 hearing standard to a § 2241 petition), aff'd, 83 F.3d 1531 (3d Cir. 1996).
III. DISCUSSION
The Court must address the issue of jurisdiction as it appears that Petitioner lacks standing to bring the Petition. E.g., Wayne Land & Min. Grp., LLC v. Delaware River Basin Comm'n, 959 F.3d 569, 574 (3d Cir. 2020) (explaining that standing is jurisdictional and describing the court's obligation to raise the issue sua sponte).
Pursuant to Article III of the Constitution, this Court may only exercise jurisdiction to resolve “Cases” and “Controversies.” U.S. Const. art. III, § 2, cl. 1. “Thus, federal courts can entertain actions only if they present live disputes, ones in which both sides have a personal stake.” Hartnett v. Pa. State Educ. Ass'n, 963 F.3d 301, 305 (3d Cir. 2020). As the party invoking federal jurisdiction, the petitioner bears the burden of establishing standing. Id.; see generally Const. Party of Pennsylvania v. Aichele, 757 F.3d 347, 357 (3d Cir. 2014) (explaining that “standing is a jurisdictional matter”). To establish standing, a petitioner must show (1) “that he [or she] suffered an injury in fact that is concrete, particularized, and actual or imminent;” (2) “that the injury was likely caused by the [respondent];” and (3) “that the injury would likely be redressed by judicial relief.” See TransUnion LLC v. Ramirez, 594 U.S. 413, 423 (2021) (citing Lujan v. Defs. of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555, 560-61 (1992)). For there to be an injury in fact, the harm must be “actual or imminent, not conjectural or hypothetical.” Patel v. Allstate New Jersey Ins. Co., 648 Fed.Appx. 258, 261 (3d Cir. 2016). If the petitioner has not suffered an injury that “the court can remedy, there is no case or controversy for the federal court to resolve.” See TransUnion, 594 U.S. at 423 (quoting Casillas v. Madison Ave. Assocs., Inc., 926 F.3d 329, 333 (7th Cir. 2019)); Patel, 648 Fed.Appx. at 261.
Here, Petitioner argues that the BOP refused to apply FSA credits and declared him ineligible, because of an immigration detainer lodged against him. (ECF No. 1, at 9-11.) As discussed above, Respondent contends that the detainer policy is not why Petitioner is ineligible. (ECF No. 7, at 1-2.) Instead, Respondent alleges that Petitioner is ineligible because he was convicted of disqualifying offenses, for carrying and possessing a firearm during a crime of violence, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c), and for hostage taking, contrary to 18 U.S.C. § 1203. (See id.; ECF No. 7-1, ¶ 5); see generally 18 U.S.C. § 3632(d)(4)(D) (listing types of offenses that render a prisoner “ineligible to receive [FSA] time credits . . . if the prisoner is serving a sentence for [such] conviction”).
The Petitioner's convictions under § 924(c) and § 1203 are indeed each a disqualifying offense. See 18 U.S.C. § 3632(d)(4)(D)(xxii) (disqualifying convictions under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)); 18 U.S.C. § 3632(d)(4)(D) (xxvi) (disqualifying convictions related to kidnapping such as hostage taking under 18 U.S.C. § 1203). As a result, even assuming arguendo for purposes of this Opinion that Petitioner's assertion as to the BOP's reason for his ineligibility, it appears that such policy could have had no effect on Petitioner as he is nonetheless disqualified. Petitioner had the opportunity to dispute these allegations, but he did not file a reply.
In light of the above, the Court finds that Petitioner has failed to meet his burden to show that the detainer policy caused him “an injury in fact.” TransUnion, 594 U.S. at 423. Similarly, he has failed to show that his ineligibility is redressable through judicial relief, as declaring the detainer policy or its application unlawful would have no effect on Petitioner. To proceed in this case would be to ask the Court to assume a hypothetical set of facts where the detainer policy affects Petitioner. As Petitioner has failed to establish standing, there is no live controversy for the Court to adjudicate. See id.; Patel, 648 Fed.Appx. at 261. Accordingly, the Court lacks jurisdiction to hear the Petition. See Wayne, 959 F.3d at 574.
IV. CONCLUSION
For the reasons above, the Court will dismiss the Petition for lack of jurisdiction. An appropriate Order follows.