Opinion
No. 09-3592-pr.
July 14, 2010.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York (John Gleeson, Judge).
UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the district court's July 31, 2008 and July 29, 2009 orders are AFFIRMED.
Anthony Carnell, pro se, East Elmhurst, NY, for Appellant.
Andrew M. Cuomo, Attorney General of the State of New York; Barbara D. Underwood, Solicitor General; Laura L. Johnson, Assistant Solicitor General, New York, NY, for Appellees.
PRESENT: REENA RAGGI, GERARD E. LYNCH, DENNY CHIN, Circuit Judges.
SUMMARY ORDER
Pro se plaintiff Anthony Carnell appeals from the district court's dismissal of his claim that New York state prison officials violated his civil rights by confining him for longer than his sentence. See U.S. Const., amend VIII; 42 U.S.C. § 1983; Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6). We review the dismissal of a complaint de novo, accepting all factual allegations as true and drawing all reasonable inferences in plaintiffs favor. See Holmes v. Grubman, 568 F.3d 329, 335 (2d Cir. 2009). In applying this standard, we assume the parties' familiarity with the facts and record of prior proceedings, which we reference only as necessary to explain our decision to affirm.
Because Carnell does not argue that the district court erred in entering summary judgment for defendants on his claim that medical testing procedures for new inmates constitute cruel and unusual punishment, we deem any such argument abandoned. See LoSacco v. City of Middletown, 71 F.3d 88, 92-93 (2d Cir. 1995) (holding that pro se litigant abandoned issue insufficiently raised on appeal).
1. Post-Release Supervision Claim
Carnell submits that defendants violated his constitutional rights by adding a five-year term of post-release supervision to his 2000 sentence for second-degree burglary. "Government actors have qualified immunity [from] § 1983 claims insofar as their conduct does not violate clearly established statutory or constitutional rights of which a reasonable person would have known." Bolmer v. Oliveira, 594 F.3d 134, 141 (2d Cir. 2010) (internal quotation marks omitted); see also Pearson v. Callahan, ___ U.S. ___, 129 S.Ct. 808, 818, 172 L.Ed.2d 565 (2009) (permitting courts to determine first whether right was clearly established). At the time Carnell served his sentence, a term of post-release supervision was automatically imposed as part of any determinate sentence. See People v. Adams, 13 A.D.3d 76, 76, 785 N.Y.S.2d 331, 331 (1st Dep't 2004); People v. Lindsey, 302 A.D.2d 128, 129, 755 N.Y.S.2d 118, 119 (3d Dep't 2003); People v. Bloom, 269 A.D.2d 838, 838, 703 N.Y.S.2d 763, 763 (4th Dep't 2000); see also N.Y. Penal Law § 70.45(1) ("When a court imposes a determinate sentence it shall in each case state not only the term of imprisonment, but also an additional period of post-release supervision. . . . "). Indeed, Carnell was released in April 2006, before any court ever questioned the constitutionality of this practice. See Earley v. Murray, 451 F.3d 71, 76-77 (2d Cir. 2006) (decided June 9, 2006). Accordingly, we conclude that defendants are entitled to qualified immunity on this claim. Cf. Vives v. City of New York, 405 F.3d 115, 117 (2d Cir. 2005) ("[S]tate officials are entitled to rely on a presumptively valid state statute until and unless the statute is declared unconstitutional." (brackets and ellipses omitted)).
2. Delayed Release Claim
Carnell contends that he is entitled to damages for having been released from the custody of the New York State Department of Correctional Services after his sentence actually expired. Counting Carnell's three misdemeanor sentences consecutively and as interrupting his term of post-release supervision, see N.Y. Penal Law §§ 70.15, 70.25(1)(b), 70.40(3), the district court concluded that Carnell was actually released four days before his post-release supervision should have ended. Because he was not arrested for his third misdemeanor until October 25, 2005, Carnell submits that the district court erred in attributing to his third misdemeanor sentence the period between August 10, 2005, when the district court stopped counting parole jail time, and October 25, 2005, when he was actually arrested for petit larceny. Under this calculation, Carnell's term of post-release supervision would have expired on March 19, 2006, twenty-two days before his actual release on April 10, 2006. But, on that date, Carnell would still have had at least a month remaining on the six-month sentence imposed following his October 25 petit larceny arrest. Thus, even if Carnell's post-release supervision would have ended sooner than the district court thought, Carnell still would not have been entitled to be released from custody until April 25, 2006, fifteen days after his actual April 10, 2006 release.
Because Carnell cannot state an Eighth Amendment claim that he was held in custody beyond the term prescribed by law, see ACEquip Ltd. v. Am. Eng'g Corp., 315 F.3d 151, 155 (2d Cir. 2003) (permitting affirmance on any ground appearing in record), we need not address the state's qualified immunity arguments.
We have considered Carnell's other arguments on appeal and conclude that they are without merit. Accordingly, we affirm the July 31, 2008 and July 29, 2009 orders of the district court.