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Cardwell v. Taylor

U.S.
May 23, 1983
461 U.S. 571 (1983)

Summary

holding the Stone preclusion applicable to confessions challenged on Fourth Amendment grounds

Summary of this case from Harris v. Dugger

Opinion

ON PETITION FOR WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

No. 82-1496.

Decided May 23, 1983

The District Court denied relief in respondent's habeas corpus proceedings, holding that certain statements made by him and introduced in evidence against him in his Arizona murder trial were voluntary. Relying on Dunaway v. New York, 442 U.S. 200, which requires the exclusion of custodial statements following an arrest that violates the Fourth Amendment, unless the circumstances show the attenuation of the taint of the illegal arrest, the Court of Appeals reversed, holding that the District Court should have permitted respondent to argue the Fourth Amendment issue, and that the record established that his custodial statements were obtained in violation of Dunaway.

Held: Federal courts may not, on a state prisoner's habeas corpus petition, consider a claim that evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment should have been excluded at his trial, when the prisoner has had an opportunity for full and fair litigation of that claim in the state courts. Stone v. Powell, 428 U.S. 465. Thus, the Court of Appeals should not have considered the Fourth Amendment Dunaway issue, and on remand should only review the District Court's decision on the Fifth Amendment issue of the voluntariness of respondent's statements.

Certiorari granted; 692 F.2d 765, reversed and remanded.


The respondent, Louis Cuen Taylor, was convicted of 28 counts of first-degree murder arising out of a fire set in a hotel in 1970. He received a sentence of life imprisonment on each count. After the Arizona Supreme Court affirmed his convictions and sentences, State v. Taylor, 112 Ariz. 68, 537 P.2d 938 (1975), cert. denied, 424 U.S. 921 (1976), he filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus in the United States District Court for the District of Arizona. The District Court denied the writ, and the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit reversed, remanding for an evidentiary hearing to determine whether certain statements made by Taylor and introduced in evidence against him were voluntary. 579 F.2d 1380 (1978). On remand, the District Court decided that the statements were voluntary and again denied the writ. On appeal, the Court of Appeals reversed once more. 692 F.2d 765 (1982). It relied on Dunaway v. New York, 442 U.S. 200 (1979), decided after the first appeal to the Ninth Circuit but before the hearing on remand. In Dunaway, this Court required the exclusion of custodial statements following an arrest that violated the Fourth Amendment, unless the circumstances showed the attenuation of the taint of the illegal arrest. The Court of Appeals stated that the District Court "should have permitted the petitioner to argue the Fourth Amendment issue." App. to Pet. for Cert. 2a. Although the District Court had not considered the issue, the Court of Appeals thought the record sufficient to permit it to resolve the question. It determined that Taylor had been arrested without probable cause and that "[n]o significant event intervened" between the illegal arrest and the statements to attenuate the taint. Id., at 3a. Consequently, it directed the District Court to issue the writ. We now reverse.

In Stone v. Powell, 428 U.S. 465 (1976), Powell, like the respondent in this case, argued that evidence used in his trial was the product of an illegal arrest. This Court held that federal courts could not, on a state prisoner's petition for a writ of habeas corpus, consider a claim that evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment should have been excluded at his trial, when the prisoner has had an opportunity for full and fair litigation of that claim in the state courts. The Court of Appeals in this case, however, did just that, holding that the custodial statements made by Taylor were obtained in violation of our decision in Dunaway. Dunaway relied not on the involuntariness of the statements made — a concern under the Fifth Amendment — but on whether there was an unattenuated causal link between the statements and a violation of the Fourth Amendment. Indeed, the Court in Dunaway sought to dispel any "lingering confusion between `voluntariness' for purposes of the Fifth Amendment and the `causal connection' test established" for purposes of the Fourth Amendment. 442 U.S., at 219. Therefore, under Stone v. Powell, the Court of Appeals should not have considered the petitioner's argument that Dunaway required the exclusion of his statements. Only if the statements were involuntary, and therefore obtained in violation of the Fifth Amendment, could the federal courts grant relief on collateral review. On remand, the Court of Appeals should review the District Court's decision on voluntariness, giving appropriate deference, of course, to any findings of fact made by the state courts in the long course of these proceedings, Sumner v. Mata, 449 U.S. 539 (1981). The motion of respondent for leave to proceed in forma pauperis and the petition for writ of certiorari are granted. The judgment of the Court of Appeals is reversed, and the case is remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.

It is so ordered.

JUSTICE BRENNAN and JUSTICE MARSHALL would grant the petition and set the case for oral argument.


Summaries of

Cardwell v. Taylor

U.S.
May 23, 1983
461 U.S. 571 (1983)

holding the Stone preclusion applicable to confessions challenged on Fourth Amendment grounds

Summary of this case from Harris v. Dugger

holding Stone v. Powell preclusion applicable to confessions challenged on fourth amendment grounds

Summary of this case from Agee v. White

holding that under Stone lower court should not have considered whether custodial statements violated Fourth Amendment, and remanding to determine if the statements were involuntary under the Fifth Amendment

Summary of this case from Lane v. Thomas

holding that Stone v. Powell barred habeas claim that statements made to police were the product of an illegal arrest

Summary of this case from Goins v. Warren

finding the Stone v. Powell doctrine applicable where the defendant "argued that evidence used in his trial was the product of an illegal arrest"

Summary of this case from Peoples v. Campbell

reversing grant of habeas corpus where Court of Appeals had determined that arrest violated Fourth Amendment and that custodial statements taken following arrest should have been suppressed

Summary of this case from Brunetti v. Semple

reversing grant of habeas corpus where circuit court of appeals had found that there was an unattenuated causal link between the custodial statements made by respondent and a violation of the Fourth Amendment

Summary of this case from Baptiste v. Ercole

reversing grant of habeas corpus where circuit court of appeals had determined that arrest violated Fourth Amendment and that custodial statements taken following arrest should have been suppressed

Summary of this case from Bjorklund v. Warden

reversing grant of habeas corpus where circuit court of appeals had found that there was an unattenuated causal link between the custodial statements made by respondent and a violation of the Fourth Amendment

Summary of this case from Parker v. Ercole

reversing grant of habeas corpus where Circuit Court of Appeals had found that there was an unattenuated causal link between the custodial statements made by respondent and a violation of the Fourth Amendment

Summary of this case from Miles v. Smith

In Cardwell v. Taylor, 461 U.S. 571, 572-73, 103 S.Ct. 2015, 2016, 76 L.Ed.2d 333 (1983) (per curiam), the Supreme Court held on habeas review that Stone precluded the court of appeals from considering petitioner's argument that Dunaway required the exclusion of statements taken after he was detained without probable cause in violation of the Fourth Amendment.

Summary of this case from Deputy v. Taylor

Extending rationale of Stone v. Powell to include custodial statements made after an illegal arrest

Summary of this case from Towne v. Dugger

In Cardwell v. Taylor, ___ U.S. ___, 103 S.Ct. 2015, 76 L.Ed.2d 333 (1983) (per curiam) the Supreme Court held that consideration of a claim that evidence admitted at trial was the fruit of an illegal arrest could not be considered on a habeas corpus petition so long as the state courts had afforded a full and fair opportunity to litigate that claim.

Summary of this case from Jones v. Superintendent of Rahway State Prison

In Cardwell v. Taylor, 461 U.S. 571, 572-73 (1983), the Supreme Court extended the holding in Powell to preclude a Fourth Amendment challenge to the introduction into evidence of a confession made after an allegedly unlawful arrest.

Summary of this case from St. Louis v. Erfe

stating that habeas corpus relief could be granted by federal courts when statements are "involuntary, and therefore obtained in violation of the Fifth Amendment"

Summary of this case from Simmons v. McCabe

applying the Stone v. Powell doctrine to seizures

Summary of this case from Craft v. Kirkpatrick

applying Stone to custodial statements

Summary of this case from Bell v. Ercole

extending rationale of Stone v. Powell to include custodial statements made after an illegal arrest

Summary of this case from SMITH v. NISH

In Cardwell v. Taylor, 461 U.S. 571 (1983), and Kimmelman v. Morrison, 477 U.S. 365 (1986), he argues, the Supreme Court held that Stone v. Powell applied only to habeas claims raising Fourth Amendment violations. Presumably, the petitioner infers that his argument that the trial court abused its discretion and violated his due process rights in deciding his Fourth Amendment claims obligates this Court to consider these claims.

Summary of this case from Davis v. Birkett

In Cardwell v. Taylor, ___ U.S. ___, 103 S.Ct. 2015, 76 L.Ed.2d 333 (1983) the Court concluded that a claim based on Dunaway v. New York was subject to the rule in Stone.

Summary of this case from Woodard v. Sargent
Case details for

Cardwell v. Taylor

Case Details

Full title:CARDWELL ET AL. v. TAYLOR

Court:U.S.

Date published: May 23, 1983

Citations

461 U.S. 571 (1983)
103 S. Ct. 2015

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