Opinion
April 4, 1995
Appeal from the Supreme Court, New York County (Karla Moskowitz, J.).
The IAS Court properly exercised its discretion in granting renewal. Since defendants' showing was insufficient to demonstrate their entitlement to judgment, the burden never shifted to plaintiff to raise a triable issue of fact (Alvarez v Prospect Hosp., 68 N.Y.2d 320, 324), and thus we need not, and do not, reach the issue of whether the opinion of plaintiff's expert had an adequate basis in the record (see, Matthews v New York City Health Hosps. Corp., 200 A.D.2d 399, 400-401).
Defendants' argument that plaintiff has the burden of proving consciousness in seeking to recover for pain and suffering in a wrongful death case (see, Cummins v County of Onondaga, 84 N.Y.2d 322, 324) confuses plaintiff's burden at trial with the burden of any movant to demonstrate entitlement to summary judgment. Significantly, Cummins was a decision rendered after trial (see also, Delosovic v City of New York, 143 Misc.2d 801, 812-813, affd for reasons stated 174 A.D.2d 407, lv denied 79 N.Y.2d 751).
The police report submitted by defendants in order to demonstrate the time of the automobile accident that resulted in the death of plaintiff's decedent, and consequently that she could not have endured any conscious pain and suffering, was inadmissible hearsay. The officer was not a witness, the declarant was unidentified, and there was no indication as to how the time of the accident was ascertained (see, Canty v New York City Health Hosps. Corp., 158 A.D.2d 271, 272-273). In any event, there was an unaccounted for gap between the stated time of the accident and the arrival of the first Emergency Medical Service unit on the scene, which is critical in this type of case.
So too, while the medical reports detailed the decedent's traumatic chest and head injuries, and other evidence showed that she was already cyanotic upon the arrival of an emergency unit approximately five minutes after the stated time of the accident, there was no expert opinion submitted by defendants tending to show either the length of time that a person could remain conscious after sustaining such injuries or how long it would take for the onset of cyanosis.
Although the complaint did not specifically seek recovery for pre-impact fear, and thus defendants did not move to dismiss with respect to such claim, plaintiff's opposition and the reply papers before the IAS Court, as well as the appellate briefs, discuss the issue, and we therefore note that pre-impact fear is indeed a recognized basis for recovery (see, Torelli v City of New York, 176 A.D.2d 119, 123-124, lv denied 79 N.Y.2d 754; Martin v Reedy, 194 A.D.2d 255, 259; Shu-Tao Lin v McDonnell Douglas Corp., 742 F.2d 45, 53), and that defendants' submissions on the issue were inconclusive as to whether the decedent saw the oncoming vehicle, and thus failed to demonstrate the absence of any material issues of fact.
Concur — Ellerin, J.P., Kupferman, Ross, Asch and Tom, JJ.