Opinion
Docket No. 166734.
Submitted December 21, 1994, at Grand Rapids.
Decided April 3, 1995, at 9:35 A.M.
Idema Keyser, P.C. (by Joseph H. Doele), for Frank Boonstra.
Scholten Fant, P.C. (by R. Neal Stanton), for Marianne Boonstra.
Plaintiff appeals as of right from an order of the circuit court denying his motion for entry of a qualified domestic relations order (QDRO). We affirm.
Although the title on plaintiff's motion suggests it was for entry of a QDRO, the relief plaintiff actually sought was an amendment of the judgment of divorce.
I
Plaintiff and defendant divorced in 1985 after approximately twenty-four years of marriage. The property settlement provision in the parties' judgment of divorce provided for the distribution of plaintiff's pension benefits in the following manner:
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED AND ADJUDGED that the Defendant, Marianne Boonstra, shall be entitled to .. . one-half of Plaintiff's pension payable upon his retirement.
Neither party contested the validity of any part of the judgment, including this provision.
In 1993, in the course of examining an early-retirement option, plaintiff discovered that Ciba-Geigy Pension Plan, the company processing his pension benefits, interpreted the judgment of divorce as requiring half of the total amount of the monthly pension benefits to be paid to defendant. This amount includes contributions made after the parties' divorce.
Plaintiff then instituted this postjudgment action claiming that the court could not award postdivorce pension contributions to defendant and seeking to have the court order that defendant was entitled to only those pension contributions made while the parties were married. Plaintiff's counsel argued that he was not seeking to modify the divorce judgment, but merely to have the judgment properly interpreted.
Defendant argued in response that plaintiff failed to cite any authority that would allow him to bring this action 7 1/2 years after the entry of the judgment of divorce. Defendant also argued that the award was not ambiguous and it needed no interpretation or modification.
The circuit court, in its written opinion, determined that although the 1985 judgment was not ambiguous, and that it awarded defendant postdivorce pension contributions, the court had erred in awarding the postdivorce contributions. The court held that, in spite of this error, it could not award plaintiff's requested relief under either MCR 2.611 or 2.612(C)(1)(a)-(c), because the time limitations for claiming error under those court rules had expired.
Plaintiff did not request his relief based on these court rules, the court considered them sua sponte.
The court went on, however, to examine whether it had jurisdiction to grant this type of pension benefit. According to the court, if it lacked such jurisdiction, it could grant plaintiff's requested relief pursuant to MCR 2.612(C)(1)(d). The court determined that even though it erred in granting the postdivorce contributions, it did have jurisdiction to make the grant on the basis of MCL 552.18(1); MSA 25.98(1). Accordingly, it found its judgment voidable, not void, and determined that plaintiff's attack on the judgment was not timely. The circuit court also denied plaintiff's motion for reconsideration.
See n 2, supra.
II
We first examine whether the circuit court had subject-matter jurisdiction to adjudicate the parties' rights to postdivorce pension contributions. We find that circuit courts enjoy such jurisdiction.
A court's jurisdiction in divorce matters is strictly statutory. Stamadianos v Stamadianos, 425 Mich. 1, 5; 385 N.W.2d 604 (1986). Two statutes define the circuit court's power to distribute pensions. MCL 552.18(1); MSA 25.98(1) provides:
Any rights in and to vested pension, annuity, or retirement benefits, or accumulated contributions in any pension, annuity, or retirement system, payable to or on behalf of a party on account of service credit accrued by the party during marriage shall be considered part of the marital estate subject to award by the court under this chapter.
MCL 552.101(4); MSA 25.131(4) provides:
Each judgment of divorce or judgment of separate maintenance shall determine all rights of the husband and wife in and to all of the following:
(a) Any pension, annuity, or retirement benefits.
(b) Any accumulated contributions in any pension, annuity, or retirement system.
(c) Any right or contingent right in and to unvested pension, annuity, or retirement benefits.
In construing jurisdictional statutes, retention of jurisdiction is presumed, and any intent to divest a court of jurisdiction must be clearly and unambiguously stated. In re Waite, 188 Mich. App. 189, 202; 468 N.W.2d 912 (1991).
Plaintiff argues that the language in MCL 552.18(1); MSA 25.98(1) limits the court's jurisdiction to contributions made "during the marriage."
We disagree. This language does not expressly restrict the circuit court's jurisdiction to pension contributions made within the confines of the marriage. Although that statutory provision provides that pension contributions made during the marriage must be considered, it does not expressly provide that contributions made before or after the marriage may not be considered. That is, the language is inclusive and mandates what must be taken into account, but does not exclude consideration of other contributions. See Booth v Booth, 194 Mich. App. 284, 291; 486 N.W.2d 116 (1992). Nothing in the language of the two statutes can be construed as a clear and unambiguous divestiture of jurisdiction.
We are in agreement with the opinion of MURPHY, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part, in Kurz v Kurz, 178 Mich. App. 284, 299-301; 443 N.W.2d 782 (1989), and adopt his reasoning as our own. Pension benefits are assets to be considered part of the marital estate subject to distribution in the discretion of the circuit court. See Sands v Sands, 442 Mich. 30, 34; 497 N.W.2d 493 (1993). To hold otherwise would be to restrict the ability of the trial court to reach one of the primary objectives of any divorce proceeding: to arrive at a property settlement that is fair and equitable in light of all the circumstances. Ackerman v Ackerman, 163 Mich. App. 796, 807; 414 N.W.2d 919 (1987). In order to ensure that equity can be done, the trial court's discretion must not be restricted unduly with regard to the distribution of assets, including premarriage and postdivorce pension contributions.
Accordingly, we conclude that the circuit court had the jurisdiction to consider postdivorce pension contributions in its award.
III
Plaintiff also argues that the circuit court erred in refusing to grant his requested relief pursuant to MCR 2.612(C)(1)(f). We find no error in the court's ruling.
We already have determined that courts may properly consider postdivorce pension contributions. Thus, whether the court erred in this specific grant, for instance if it failed to properly apply MCL 552.23(1); MSA 25.103(1), is not before us. Plaintiff's 7 1/2-year delay in bringing this action has put any such error beyond our review. See MCR 7.204 and Altman v Nelson, 197 Mich. App. 467, 478; 495 N.W.2d 826 (1992).
We conclude that the circuit court properly denied plaintiff his requested relief.
Affirmed.