Opinion
September 26, 1938.
November 21, 1938.
Workmen's compensation — Accident — Illness contracted under usual conditions — Influenza — Act of June 2, 1915, P.L. 736.
1. Illness contracted under usual conditions is not accidental and, therefore, the resulting death is not compensable.
2. In a workmen's compensation case, in which it appeared that the deceased was employed as an investigator by a state department, that he was assigned to distribute pamphlets and to give information at a housing exhibition, that a booth at which he worked was situated in the lobby of the hall between two entrance doors to the building and was continuously drafty, and that on the third evening of this work decedent had a chill and died from influenza, it was held that decedent's death was not the result of an accident within the meaning of the Workmen's Compensation Act of June 2, 1915, P.L. 736.
Appeal, No. 195, Oct. T., 1938, from judgment of C.P. No. 1, Phila. Co., March T., 1938, No. 564, in case of Mrs. Clara Biglin v. Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry et al.
Before KELLER, P.J., CUNNINGHAM, BALDRIGE, PARKER and RHODES, JJ. Judgment affirmed.
Appeal from award of Workmen's Compensation Board.
The facts are stated in the opinion of the Superior Court.
Appeal sustained and judgment entered for defendant, opinion by PARRY, J. Claimant appealed.
Errors assigned, among others, related to the action of the court below in sustaining defendant's exceptions to the award.
Maurice S. Levy, for appellant.
John T.J. Brennan, with him Guy K. Bard, Attorney General, and S.H. Torchia, for appellees.
Argued September 26, 1938.
The claimant is seeking compensation for the death of her husband. The referee made an award and his action was affirmed by the Workmen's Compensation Board. The court below sustained exceptions of the State Workmen's Insurance Fund to the award and entered judgment for the employer. Plaintiff appealed.
George Biglin, the deceased, was employed as an investigator by the defendant, Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry. During the week of February 12, 1936, there was a Better Housing Exhibition at Convention Hall, Philadelphia. Investigators were assigned by the Department of Labor and Industry to distribute pamphlets and to give information at the exhibition concerning our compensation laws and proposed changes thereto. The booth at which the deceased worked was situated in the lobby midway between two entrance doors to the building. On the main floor of Convention Hall there were frequent demonstrations of oil burners and other heating apparatus, causing a large amount of heat to be generated which was carried into the lobby where it met the cold outside air coming through the two doors which were constantly opened and closed by visitors to the exhibition. Drafts were thus created and violent temperature fluctuation resulted in the lobby. These same atmospheric conditions existed continuously from the inception of the exhibit on Saturday, February 13, 1936. During the evening of February 18th, which was the third occasion the deceased did this particular work during that week, he had a chill and died from influenza four days after.
The question that presents itself is: Was the decedent's death the result of an accident within the meaning of our Workmen's Compensation Act of June 2, 1915, P.L. 736?
The board, in discussing whether the facts proven establish an accident, stated: "A strict adherence to the ruling in the Lacey case [Lacey v. Washburn Williams Co., 309 Pa. 574, 164 A. 724] might perhaps cast some doubt on that question, but if the decisions in other cases are of equal authority we feel that such exposure, under the peculiar circumstances existing constitutes an accidental injury. . . . . ." The cases referred to by Commissioner Swaney were all decided prior to the Lacey case. This later decision, we think, controls the case in hand. There, a carpenter worked for over an hour in a refrigerating room of an ice cream company, he caught cold, and died from pneumonia. The court held that as there was no proof of any sudden or unexpected event, of a mishap, or fortuitous happening, the claimant failed to meet the burden of proving the decedent's death was due to an accident sustained in the course of his employment. In Gibson v. Frank Kuhn et al., 105 Pa. Super. 264, 161 A. 456, compensation was denied claimant for the death of her husband resulting from pneumonia which followed a wetting when repairing a roof, as there was no element of an accident, as getting wet and taking a chill was not an unusual result of working out of doors. See, also, Micale v. Light et al., 105 Pa. Super. 399, 161 A. 600.
The appellant stresses the fact that the deceased when he contracted the chill was not engaged in his usual employment and was exposed to unusual conditions. Assuming that his assignment, which was clearly within his employment, was temporary, nevertheless, there was no proof of the essential requirement in a case of this character of a mishap or untoward event which constitutes an accident. There was no unusual change in the atmospheric conditions in the lobby at or about the time the deceased had his chill. On the contrary, the lobby had been continuously drafty for the previous five days and the deceased had knowledge thereof as he had been exposed to the same conditions on at least two previous occasions. It can only be concluded that his illness was the natural and probable result of a voluntary exposure to drafts of hot and cold air.
The appellant cites Roth v. Locust Mountain State Hospital et al., 130 Pa. Super. 1, 6, 196 A. 924, where we stated: "If pneumonia is contracted by exposure to cold or water, under conditions which usually prevail, the general rule is that it is not compensable [citing cases].
"On the other hand, if one is exposed in the course of his employment to unusual conditions, and pneumonia results therefrom, there is an accident injury." That was a border-line case but the factual situation was entirely different and there was sufficient proof of an untoward event, not present in this case, which caused an accident, superinducing the death. In Heisler v. Lincoln Realty Co., 121 Pa. Super. 516, 184 A. 305, cited by appellant, the facts are also clearly distinguishable from those before us.
The conclusion we have reached is in accord with the general rule now recognized that illness contracted under usual conditions is not accidental and, therefore, the resulting death is not compensable: Elva Mills v. Susq. Collieries Co., 107 Pa. Super. 432, 164 A. 69; Poklembo v. Hazle Brook Coal Co., 116 Pa. Super. 532, 176 A. 850; Wilkins v. McSorley et al., 119 Pa. Super. 442, 179 A. 759.
Judgment affirmed.