Opinion
Docket No. 15743.
Decided March 27, 1974.
Appeal from Macomb, Edward J. Gallagher, J. Submitted Division 2 November 13, 1973, at Detroit. (Docket No. 15743.) Decided March 27, 1974.
Complaint by Behlen Manufacturing Company against Andries-Butler Incorporated for money owed under a contract. Accelerated judgment for defendant. Plaintiff appeals. Affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded for the entry of a judgment of dismissal consistent with the opinion.
Braun, Kendrick, Finkbeiner, Schafer Murphy, for plaintiff on appeal.
Fitzgerald, Peters, English Damm, for defendant.
In July, 1970, Behlen Manufacturing Company, a Delaware corporation, and Andries-Butler, Incorporated entered into a contract, after several preliminary meetings and discussions, whereby Andries-Butler, Incorporated, the defendant herein, agreed to buy a convex roofing system from Behlen Manufacturing Company, the plaintiff, for $47,417. Subsequent agreements between the parties called for plaintiff to provide supervisory employees and equipment to aid in the installation of the roof. The materials, tools and employees were provided by plaintiff and the roof, apparently, was completed. Defendant, however, refused to pay plaintiff for any of these items.
Plaintiff brought this action in the Macomb County Circuit Court seeking judgment against defendant for the money allegedly owed under the contract. Defendant, in response, filed a motion for accelerated judgment pursuant to GCR 1963, 116, alleging that plaintiff lacked legal capacity to sue and that all claims asserted by plaintiff were barred because the contract upon which plaintiff's claims were based was void and illegal. The trial judge, after a hearing and considering defendant's motion as one for accelerated judgment under GCR 1963, 116, and as one for summary judgment under GCR 1963, 117, found that plaintiff, at the time the alleged occurrences took place, was engaged in a systematic and continuous course of business in the State of Michigan without being qualified or licensed to do so as required by law. He therefore granted defendant's motion, declared the contract between the parties void and illegal, and dismissed the case with prejudice. It is from this decision that plaintiff appeals.
This case is not governed or affected by the new Michigan Business Corporation Act since the cause of action asserted below was pending on the effective date of the new act. MCLA 450.1127(2); MSA 21.200(127)(2).
At the time of these occurrences Behlen Manufacturing Company was a Delaware corporation headquartered in Columbus, Nebraska and maintaining a full-time territorial representative, Mr. Donald Moore, in the State of Michigan. Mr. Moore's job for approximately 8-1/2 years involved servicing the territory of Michigan and northern Ohio. This included contacting prospective customers who were referred to him by plaintiff's main office and ascertaining and satisfying the needs of existing "dealers". Mr. Moore was furnished a car by Behlen to aid in his work and he maintained an office in his home replete with technical promotional literature for distribution among prospective customers and records of all "dealerships", transactions and sales promotions of plaintiff. If, during the course of a sales presentation, problems arose which Mr. Moore was unable to handle, a staff of engineers was available at the home office to aid in their resolution. Similarly, if problems or complaints arose at a job site in Michigan which Mr. Moore was unable to rectify, engineers were available for consultation and, on occasion, were sent to the job site to lend assistance. With respect to the construction in which defendant was engaged, the erection supervisor furnished by plaintiff remained at the construction site for a substantial period of time in an advisory capacity and Mr. Moore also visited the site making recommendations.
According to the records of the Treasurer of the State of Michigan, plaintiff was neither incorporated in the State of Michigan nor admitted to do business herein as a foreign corporation. Despite this fact, Mr. Moore, through his activities, secured approximately three million dollars worth of sales over a three-year period.
Plaintiff, assuming for the sake of argument that its actions in the State of Michigan were of such a nature as to require it to obtain a certificate of authority, alleges that its failure to do so does not completely bar it from relief in this case. Plaintiff contends that it is, at least, entitled to recover possession of the property it furnished defendant under the contract. Plaintiff, in the proceedings below, at no time sought to recover possession of the property. This contention, therefore, is not now available to it on appeal. Magnotta v Michigan Millers Mutual Insurance Co, 35 Mich. App. 450; 192 N.W.2d 553, leave den, 386 Mich. 780 (1972); Midwest Bridge Co v Highway Department, 24 Mich. App. 151; 180 N.W.2d 117 (1970). Furthermore, it appears from the record below that the roofing system has, with plaintiff's assistance, been made a part of the St. Clair Shores municipal ice arena and is no longer in the possession of defendant. Consequently, any possessory action against defendant would be unavailing. See 19 Michigan Law Practice, Replevin, § 3, p 495.
Plaintiff next contends that the question of whether it was "doing business" in the State of Michigan should have been determined after trial instead of on the motion for accelerated judgment. Plaintiff further argues that the evidence presented below does not establish that it was "doing business" in this state. We disagree with both of these contentions. The deposition testimony of Mr. Moore establishes beyond doubt that plaintiff was, as the lower court expressly found, engaged in a "systematic and continuous course" of doing business in this state. The testimony of Mr. Moore is not disputed by plaintiff. Plaintiff, instead, disagrees with the inferences and conclusions derived therefrom by the trial judge. Plaintiff's position and theory were ably presented to the lower court who found contrary thereto. We have closely examined the record of the proceedings below and find ourselves unable to say that the lower court's determination was erroneous. Indeed, as stated earlier, the record amply supports such a determination. The actions of plaintiff in the case at bar were not merely part of an isolated transaction, as was the situation in Long Manufacturing Co, Inc v Wright-Way Farm Service, Inc, 391 Mich. 82; 214 N.W.2d 816 (1974), but, rather, were part of a more comprehensive program within this state. Plaintiff maintained a full-time representative in the State of Michigan who, in addition to servicing the existing "dealers", held "sales promotional clinics" for the dealer's customers and actively engaged in making sales presentations to prospective customers of the dealers. This activity of plaintiff's representative was not an infrequent occurrence but part of his weekly activities. As such, it imbued plaintiff's activities within this state with an intrastate character sufficient to require it to comply with the foreign corporation qualification requirement of MCLA 450.93; MSA 21.94. The fact that plaintiff also engaged in interstate activity within the State of Michigan does not relieve it of this responsibility. Eli Lilly Co v Sav-On-Drugs, Inc, 366 U.S. 276; 81 S Ct 1316; 6 L Ed 2d 288 (1961).
Plaintiff also contends that the contract between the parties is severable into intrastate and interstate portions and that, under Smilansky v Mandel Bros, 254 Mich. 575, 236 N.W. 866 (1931), the interstate parts thereof are still enforceable. This issue was not pleaded or otherwise presented to the court below and is not, therefore, available to plaintiff on this appeal. Magnotta v Michigan Millers Mutual Insurance Co, supra; Midwest Bridge Co v Highway Department, supra.
Plaintiff finally contends that the trial judge erroneously determined the contract between itself and defendant to be void and illegal. We agree. In the case at bar the parties are not in agreement as to where the contract was made. Plaintiff maintains that the contract was entered into in Nebraska while defendant contends that the contract was made in Michigan. The trial judge, however, made no specific finding as to where the contract was made. Accordingly, this Court cannot affirm the lower court's determination that the contract was void by holding that the contract was invalid under MCLA 450.95; MSA 21.96. Lake States Engineering Corp v Lawrence Seaway Corp, 15 Mich. App. 637; 167 N.W.2d 320 (1969), leave den, 383 Mich. 761 (1970). MCLA 450.95; MSA 21.96 renders invalid only contracts made in this state by a foreign corporation that has not fully complied with the laws relating to the qualification of a foreign corporation to do business herein. See Show Counselors, Ltd v American Motors Corp, 48 Mich. App. 609; 211 N.W.2d 111 (1973).
We must now, therefore, determine what effect MCLA 450.93; MSA 21.94 and MCLA 600.2021; MSA 27A.2021 have on the case before us, particularly in relation to the validity or invalidity of the contract.
MCLA 450.93; MSA 21.94 provides:
"It shall be unlawful for any foreign corporation to carry on its business in this state, until it shall have procured from the Michigan corporation and securities commission a certificate of authority for that purpose."
MCLA 600.2021; MSA 27A.2021 provides:
"When, by the laws of this state, any act is forbidden to be done by any corporation, or by any association of individuals, without express authority by law, and such act was done by a foreign corporation, the foreign corporation shall not maintain any action founded upon such act, or upon any liability or obligation, express or implied, arising out of, or made or entered into in consideration of such act."
The above two statutes, when read together, preclude a foreign corporation that has not obtained a certificate of authority from the Michigan Corporation and Securities Commission from maintaining an action founded upon an act of doing business in this state in a manner contrary to law. MCLA 600.2021; MSA 27A.2021 denies access to the courts of this state to a corporation that has not complied with the applicable laws. It does not affect the validity of a contract which is sought to be sued upon as MCLA 450.95; MSA 21.96 does. It simply precludes the foreign corporation from maintaining any action in this state which is founded upon such contract or any acts relating thereto. Lake States Engineering Corp v Lawrence Seaway Corp, supra.
Currently the Corporation and Securities Bureau, Corporation Division, of the Department of Commerce.
We hold, therefore, that the trial judge correctly determined that plaintiff was engaged in a systematic and continuous course of doing business in this state in a manner contrary to law and that the granting of defendant's motion for accelerated judgment under GCR 1963, 116 was proper. We also hold, however, that the trial judge erroneously determined the contract between plaintiff and defendant to be void and illegal. Accordingly, we reverse that part of the judgment of the lower court which held the contract void and illegal and remand the case for the entry of a judgment of dismissal consistent with this opinion.
Affirmed in part, reversed in part. Remanded for the entry of a judgment of dismissal consistent with this opinion.
All concurred.