Summary
In Batista, the negligence asserted against the City was closing a lane which caused one car to stop in order to merge into the right lane.
Summary of this case from Sutter v. ReyesOpinion
2012-12-12
Arelis BATISTA, plaintiff-appellant, v. CITY OF NEW YORK, et al., respondents, Casilda Torres, etc., defendant-appellant, et al., defendant. Arelis Batista, appellant, v. City of New York, et al., respondents, et al., defendant. (Action No. 1) (Appeal Nos. 1 and 2) Casilda Torres, etc., appellant, v. City of New York, et al., respondents. (Action No. 2) (Appeal No. 3).
Talkin, Muccigrosso & Roberts, LLP, New York, N.Y. (Mark Muccigrosso and Andrew Muccigrosso of counsel), for plaintiff-appellant in Appeal No. 1 and appellant in Appeal No. 2. Morris Duffy Alonso & Faley, New York, N.Y. (Anna J. Ervolina and Andrea M. Alonso of counsel), for defendant-appellant in Appeal No. 1 and respondent Casilda Torres in Appeal No. 2.
Talkin, Muccigrosso & Roberts, LLP, New York, N.Y. (Mark Muccigrosso and Andrew Muccigrosso of counsel), for plaintiff-appellant in Appeal No. 1 and appellant in Appeal No. 2. Morris Duffy Alonso & Faley, New York, N.Y. (Anna J. Ervolina and Andrea M. Alonso of counsel), for defendant-appellant in Appeal No. 1 and respondent Casilda Torres in Appeal No. 2.
Scott R. Housenbold, New York, N.Y., for appellant in Appeal No. 3.
White Fleischner & Fino, LLP, New York, N.Y. (Jason S. Steinberg of counsel), for respondent City of New York.
London & Fischer, New York, N.Y. (James Walsh and Portia Reid of counsel), for respondents Welsbach Electric Corp., Welsbach Corporation, Welsbach Electric Corp. of L.I., Welsbach Light Company, and “Welsbach” Donlen Corporation in Appeal Nos. 1 and 2, and respondents Welsbach Electric Corp. and Donlen Corporation in Appeal No. 3.
RANDALL T. ENG, P.J., ANITA R. FLORIO, SANDRA L. SGROI, and ROBERT J. MILLER, JJ.
In two related actions, inter alia, to recover damages for personal injuries and wrongful death, which were joined for trial, (1) Casilda Torres, a defendant in Action No. 1 and the plaintiff in Action No. 2, appeals, as limited by her brief, from so much of an order of the Supreme Court, Queens County (Kerrigan, J.), entered May 27, 2011, as granted that branch of the motion of the defendants Welsbach Electric Corp., Welsbach Corporation, Welsbach Electric Corp. of L.I., Welsbach Light Company, and “Welsbach” Donlen Corporation which was for summary judgment dismissing the complaint and all cross claims insofar as asserted against them in Action No. 1, (2) Arelis Batista, the plaintiff in Action No. 1, and Casilda Torres, a defendant in Action No. 1 and the plaintiff in Action No. 2, separately appeal, as limited by their respective briefs, from so much of a judgment of the same court entered July 18, 2011, as, upon the order, granting that branch of the motion of the defendants Welsbach Electric Corp., Welsbach Corporation, Welsbach Electric Corp. of L.I., Welsbach Light Company, and “Welsbach” Donlen Corporation which was for summary judgment dismissing the complaint and all cross claims insofar as asserted against them in Action No. 1 and granting that branch of the cross motion of the defendant City of New York which was for summary judgment dismissing the complaint and all cross claims insofar as asserted against it in Action No. 1, is in favor of the defendants Welsbach Electric Corp., Welsbach Corporation, Welsbach Electric Corp. of L.I., Welsbach Light Company, “Welsbach” Donlen Corporation, and the City of New York dismissing the complaint and all cross claims insofar as asserted against them in Action No. 1, and (3) Casilda Torres separately appeals, as limited by her briefs, from so much of an order of the same court entered June 7, 2011, as granted that branch of the motion of the defendants Welsbach Electric Corp. and Donlen Corporation which was for summary judgment dismissing the complaint insofar as asserted against them in Action No. 2 and granted that branch of the cross motion of the defendant City of New York which was for summary judgment dismissing the complaint insofar as asserted against it in Action No. 2. The notice of appeal of Arelis Batista from the order entered May 27, 2011, is deemed to be a notice of appeal from the judgment entered July 18, 2011 ( seeCPLR 5512[a] ).
ORDERED that the appeals by Casilda Torres from so much of the order entered May 27, 2011, as granted that branch of the motion of the defendants Welsbach Electric Corp., Welsbach Corporation, Welsbach Electric Corp. of L.I., Welsbach Light Company, and “Welsbach” Donlen Corporation which was for summary judgment dismissing the complaint insofar as asserted against them in Action No. 1, and from so much of the judgment entered July 18, 2011, as dismissed the complaint insofar as asserted against those defendants in Action No. 1 are dismissed, as she is not aggrieved by those portions of the order and the judgment ( seeCPLR 5511; Mixon v. TBV, Inc., 76 A.D.3d 144, 904 N.Y.S.2d 132); and it is further,
ORDERED that the appeal by Arelis Batista from so much of the judgment entered July 18, 2011, as dismissed all cross claims asserted against the defendants Welsbach Electric Corp., Welsbach Corporation, Welsbach Electric Corp. of L.I., Welsbach Light Company, and “Welsbach” Donlen Corporation in Action No. 1 is dismissed, as she is not aggrieved by those portions of the judgment ( seeCPLR 5511); and it is further,
ORDERED that the appeal by Casilda Torres from so much of the order entered May 27, 2011, as granted that branch of the motion of the defendants Welsbach Electric Corp., Welsbach Corporation, Welsbach Electric Corp. of L.I., Welsbach Light Company, and “Welsbach” Donlen Corporation which was for summary judgment dismissing all cross claims insofar as asserted against them in Action No. 1 is dismissed, as the right of direct appeal therefrom terminated with the entry of the judgment entered July 18, 2011 ( see Matter of Aho, 39 N.Y.2d 241, 248, 383 N.Y.S.2d 285, 347 N.E.2d 647); and it is further,
ORDERED that the order entered June 7, 2011, is affirmed insofar as appealed from; and it is further,
ORDERED that the judgment entered July 18, 2011, is affirmed insofar as reviewed; and it is further,
ORDERED that one bill of costs is awarded to the defendant City of New York and the defendants Welsbach Electric Corp., Welsbach Corp., Welsbach Electric Corp. of L.I., Welsbach Light Company, and “Welsbach” Donlen Corporation appearing separately and filing separate briefs, payable by the appellants.
Shortly after midnight on July 16, 2003, employees of the Welsbach Electric Corp. were dispatched to remove a downed light pole on the Jackie Robinson Parkway near Woodhaven Boulevard in Queens. The workers stopped their construction trucks near the downed light pole, closed off the right lane of the westbound parkway with cones, and activated a blinking yellow merge arrow on one of their trucks. Vladimir Magliore was driving his van westbound in the right lane when he observed the cones about three car lengths ahead of him, and began to apply his brakes. Unable to merge left because of traffic, Magliore brought his van to a complete stop within the closed-off section of the right lane, approximately 10 to 15 feet behind the truck with the blinking arrow. The van had been stopped for about three seconds when it was struck in the rear by a motorcycle operated by the decedent, Luis Torres. The decedent was killed in the accident, and his passenger, Arelis Batista, was injured.
Following the accident, Batista commenced an action to recover damages for personal injuries against the City of New York. She also commenced a separate action against, among others, Welsbach Electric Corp., Welsbach Corporation, Welsbach Electric Corp. of L.I., and Welsbach Light Company (hereinafter collectively the Welsbach defendants), Magliore, and Casilda Torres, as adminstratrix of the decedent's estate. Batista's actions were thereafter consolidated (hereinafter Action No. 1).
Casilda Torres, as administratrix of the decedent's estate and individually, commenced an action to recover damages for, inter alia, wrongful death, against the City of New York and Magliore. Magliore moved for summary judgment dismissing the complaint in that action insofar as asserted against him. In an order dated July 12, 2005, the Supreme Court granted Magliore's motion, concluding that he had made a prima facie showing of his entitlement to judgment as a matter of law by offering evidence that his van was fully stopped for three seconds before it was struck by the decedent's motorcycle, and that in opposition, Torres had failed to raise a triable issue of fact. Torres then commenced a separate action to recover damages for, among other things, wrongful death, against Welsbach Electric Corp. and Donlen Corporation (hereinafter together also the Welsbach defendants), which was consolidated with her pending action against the City (hereinafter Action No. 2). Action No. 1 and Action No. 2 were thereafter joined for trial.
Magliore subsequently moved for summary judgment dismissing the complaint and all cross claims insofar asserted against him in Action No. 1, and in an order dated December 7, 2009, the Supreme Court granted the motion, concluding that the rear-end collision with a stopped vehicle established the decedent's negligence, and that Batista had failed to present a non-negligent explanation to rebut the presumption of negligence that arises from such a collision, or raise a triable issue of fact as to whether Magliore came to a sudden stop or was otherwise comparatively negligent.
After discovery was completed, the Welsbach defendants moved, inter alia, for summary judgment dismissing the complaint and all cross claims insofar as asserted against them in Action No. 1 and Action No. 2, and the City cross-moved, inter alia, for summary judgment dismissing the complaint and all cross claims insofar as asserted against it in both actions. In support of their motions for summary judgment in both actions, the Welsbach defendants contended that while the allegedly negligent lane closure might have furnished the occasion for the accident, it was not a proximate cause of the accident, which did not occur until three seconds after Magliore's van came to a complete stop. The City similarly contended that the lane closure was not a proximate cause of the accident, and additionally claimed that the prior court orders awarding summary judgment to Magliore precluded Batista and Torres from relitigating the issue of whether the accident had been caused solely by the decedent's negligence. In opposition, both Batista and Torres relied upon the affidavit of an engineer who opined that the failure to close off the right lane with a sufficient length of cones, and with cones that had reflectorized stripes, was a proximate cause of the accident.
In an order entered May 27, 2011, the Supreme Court granted that branch of the Welsbach defendants' motion and that branch of the City's cross motion which were for summary judgment dismissing the complaint and all cross claims insofar as asserted against them in Action No. 1. The court concluded that the allegedly negligent closing off of the roadway was not a proximate cause of the accident, and that the prior orders awarding summary judgment to Magliore had preclusive effect on the issue of whether the decedent's negligence was the sole proximate cause of the accident. In a separate order entered June 7, 2011, the court granted that branch of the Welsbach defendants' motion and that branch of the City's cross motion which were for summary judgment dismissing the complaint and all cross claims insofar as asserted against them in Action No. 2, on essentially identical grounds.
Initially, the Supreme Court erred in finding, in essence, that the doctrine of collateral estoppel precluded Batista and Torres from litigating the issues of whether the Welsbach defendants and the City were negligent, and whether their alleged negligence was a proximate cause of the accident ( see Respass v. City of New York, 288 A.D.2d 286, 286–287, 733 N.Y.S.2d 210). Although the prior orders awarding summary judgment to Magliore are conclusive on the issue of whether he was free from negligence in the happening of the accident, Batista and Torres did not have a full and fair opportunity to litigate the issues of whether the Welsbach defendants and the City were negligent, and whether their alleged negligence was a proximate cause of the accident, in opposing Magliore's motions ( see Kaufman v. Eli Lilly & Co., 65 N.Y.2d 449, 492 N.Y.S.2d 584, 482 N.E.2d 63).
However, the Supreme Court nevertheless properly granted those branches of the motions of the Welsbach defendants and those branches of the cross motions of the City which were for summary judgment dismissing the complaint and all cross claims insofar as asserted against them on the ground that their alleged negligence was not a proximate cause of the accident. In support of their respective motions, the Welsbach defendants and the City submitted uncontroverted evidence establishing that, upon observing the cones closing off the right lane, Magliore brought his van to a complete stop 10 to 15 feet behind the truck with the blinking arrow, and that his van was struck in the rear by the decedent's motorcycle approximately three seconds later. Under these circumstances, even if the manner in which the Welsbach defendants' workers closed off the right lane of the parkway was negligent, it merely furnished the condition for the subsequent rear-end collision ( see Sheehan v. City of New York, 40 N.Y.2d 496, 502, 387 N.Y.S.2d 92, 354 N.E.2d 832;Jablonski v. Jakaitis, 85 A.D.3d 969, 970, 926 N.Y.S.2d 137;Morales v. Cox, 74 A.D.3d 922, 901 N.Y.S.2d 864;Remy v. City of New York, 36 A.D.3d 602, 603, 828 N.Y.S.2d 451;Saviano v. City of New York, 5 A.D.3d 581, 582, 774 N.Y.S.2d 82), and was not a proximate cause of the accident, which was caused solely by the decedent's negligence ( see Blasso v. Parente, 79 A.D.3d 923, 925, 913 N.Y.S.2d 306;Doria v. Cassamajor, 36 A.D.3d 752, 753, 829 N.Y.S.2d 166;Hyeon Hee Park v. Hi Taek Kim, 37 A.D.3d 416, 417, 831 N.Y.S.2d 422). In opposition to the prima facie showing of the Welsbach defendants and the City, Batista and Torres failed to raise a triable issue of fact. Accordingly, the Supreme Court properly entered judgment in favor of the Welsbach defendants and the City in Action No. 1, and properly granted those branches of the Welsbach defendants' motion and the City's cross motion which were for summary judgment dismissing the complaint insofar as asserted against each of them in Action No. 2.