Opinion
NO. 01-10-01112-CV
03-01-2012
DENISE LYNN BARRETT, Appellant v. WESTOVER PARK COMMUNITY ASSOCIATION, INC., Appellee
On Appeal from the County Court at Law No. 2
Galveston County, Texas
Trial Court Case No. CV-63,313
MEMORANDUM OPINION
In this appeal of a no-answer default judgment, Denise Lynn Barrett contends that (1) she was not served with the citation or petition, (2) she satisfies the Craddock v. Sunshine Bus Lines, Inc., 133 S.W.2d 124, 126 (Tex. 1939), standard for setting aside a default judgment and ordering a new trial, and (3) the trial court violated due-process guarantees by entering a default judgment before she received notice of the lawsuit. Finding that Barrett has waived appellate review of these contentions, we affirm the trial court's judgment.
Background
Barrett owns real property in the Westover Park subdivision of Galveston County, Texas. All Westover Park properties, including Barrett's property, are encumbered by a declaration and "supplemental amendment" of covenants, conditions, and restrictions authorizing Westover Park Community Association, Inc. to levy certain assessments against property owners and to establish vendor's liens securing the payment of those assessments.
When Barrett failed to pay a maintenance assessment, the Association filed suit on July 16, 2010 to collect the delinquent fee and to foreclose the lien encumbering her property. Two days later, the district clerk issued a citation reading:
You have been sued. You may employ an attorney. If you or your attorney do not file a written answer with the Clerk who issued this citation by 10:00 a.m. on the Monday next after the expiration of twenty days after the date you were served with this citation and petition, a default judgment may be taken against you.Using a process server, the Association personally served Barrett with the citation and petition on July 22, 2010. She did not answer the petition.
On November 12, 2010, the trial court rendered a default judgment requiring Barrett to pay the delinquent assessment fee and attorney's fees and providing for the establishment and foreclosure of the vendor's lien on her property. The default judgment further authorized the seizure and sale of Barrett's property in satisfaction of the judgment. The trial court ordered any amount collected from the property's sale exceeding the amount of the delinquent fee returned to Barrett.
According to Barrett, she discovered the default judgment on November 18, 2010, six days after it was rendered. She argues not that the Association failed to follow the rules for service of process, but that service could not have been achieved as the Association alleges because, at the time stated in the process server's affidavit, she was tending to her terminally-ill father outside of the home. Only when she returned home did she discover a notice of a status hearing in the case. Barrett immediately went to the trial court and there learned of the default judgment.
Although she learned of the judgment within the time for filing post-judgment motions, Barrett did not move for a new trial or otherwise seek to set aside the judgment in the trial court. Instead, on December 10, 2010, she timely filed a notice of appeal. She alleges that an "unknown male" court employee informed her that an appeal was "the only action she could take at that time."
Default Judgment Cannot be Set Aside under Craddock
This is a direct appeal from the trial court's default judgment. Barrett must therefore satisfy the Craddock standard before the default judgment can be set aside. See Massey v. Columbus State Bank, 35 S.W.3d 697, 699 (Tex. App.— Houston [1st Dist.] 2001, pet. denied). Craddock requires three showings: (1) Barrett's failure to appear was not intentional or the result of conscious indifference, (2) Barrett has a meritorious defense, and (3) the granting of a new trial will not operate to cause delay or injury to the Association. 133 S.W.2d at 126. To that end, Barrett asserts in her first three issues that she failed to appear because she never received a copy of the citation or petition; the maintenance fee assessed by the Association was either unclear or not authorized by the conditions, covenants, and restrictions to which her property is subject; and the Association would not be prejudiced by a new trial. We cannot determine whether the default judgment should be set aside for any of these reasons, however, because Barrett did not preserve error for our review.
The Association urges us to limit our review to "errors apparent on the face of the record," as we would in a restricted appeal. See Fidelity & Guar. Ins. Co. v. Drewery Constr. Co., 186 S.W.3d 571, 573 (Tex. 2006) (comparing scope of appellate review in ordinary appeals and restricted appeals); Marrot Commc'ns, Inc. v. Town & Country P'ship, 227 S.W.3d 372, 379 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2007, pet. denied) (explaining that, unlike restricted appeals, when party attacks default judgment with motion for new trial she may develop evidence establishing Craddock factors). But this is not a restricted appeal. The rule providing for restricted appeals excepts from its scope parties who, like Barrett, timely file "a notice of appeal within the time permitted by Rule 26.1(a) . . . ." TEX. R. APP. P. 30; see TEX. R. APP. P. 26.1(a) (providing that, in civil cases, a party must file notice of appeal within thirty days after judgment).
A motion for new trial affords a defendant her first opportunity to attack a default judgment. See L.M. Healthcare, Inc. v. Childs, 929 S.W.2d 442, 443 (Tex. 1996) (per curiam); Coinmach, Inc. v. Aspenwood Apt. Corp., 98 S.W.3d 377, 380 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2003, no pet). When the attack on a default judgment relies on extrinsic evidence, a motion for new trial is a prerequisite to complaining on appeal that the default judgment should be set aside. See Massey, 35 S.W.3d at 699 ("Complaints regarding the trial court's failure to set aside a default judgment must be raised in a motion for new trial."); Puri v. Mansukhani, 973 S.W.2d 701, 715 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1998, no pet.) (explaining that motion for new trial or to set aside default judgment is complaint on which evidence must be heard); see also Llorance v. Sohi, No. 01-07-00840-CV, 2008 WL 1747921, at *3 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Apr. 17, 2008, no pet.) (mem. op.); In re Marriage of Collins & Tipton, No. 07-06-0314-CV, 2008 WL 3930559, at *2 (Tex. App.—Amarillo Aug. 27, 2008, no pet.) (mem. op.) (holding that, because appellant failed to move for new trial, he failed to preserve complaint on appeal that trial court erred by entering a default judgment). This is so the trial court has the opportunity to consider and weigh the evidence. Ginn v. Forrester, 282 S.W.3d 430, 432 (Tex. 2009) (per curiam); see also Harris v. Burks, No. 01- 06-00128-CV, 2007 WL 1776048, at *2 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] June 21, 2007, no pet.) (mem. op.) (explaining that complaints regarding trial court's failure to set aside default judgment must be raised in motion for new trial because trial court must hear evidence to determine whether Craddock factors have been met).
Barrett alleges that she discovered the default judgment on November 18, 2010, six days after it was rendered. And, she timely filed her notice of appeal on December 10, 2010, two days before the expiration of the thirty-day period to file a motion for new trial. TEX. R. CIV. P. 329b(a) (time to file new trial motion). By her own admission, Barrett knew about the default judgment within the period for challenging it by way of a new trial motion, which she was required to do in order to complain on appeal that the trial court failed to set aside the default judgment. See id.; see also TEX. R. CIV. P. 324(b)(1) (requiring point in motion for new trial for failure to set aside default judgment). Because Barrett did not file a motion for new trial, she did not develop the evidence necessary to contradict the process server's affidavit averring that he personally served her on July 22, 2010. Nor did she develop the evidence necessary to contradict the Association's position that it had appropriately assessed a maintenance fee that Barrett refused to pay.
The deficiencies in the record cannot be cured by Barrett's submission of affidavits executed after the case reached this Court. Those affidavits are not a part of the appellate record, and we may not consider them. See Nogle & BlackAviation, Inc. v. Faveretto, 290 S.W.3d 277, 286 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2009, no pet.); Canton-Cater v. Baylor Coll. of Med., 271 S.W.3d 928, 931 n.2 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2008, no pet.). Consequently, we hold that Barrett has waived appellate review of her complaint that the trial court's default judgment should be set aside under Craddock. Massey, 35 S.W.3d at 699 (holding that default judgment could not be set aside where no motion for new trial was filed raising Craddock factors). Accordingly, Barrett's first, second, and third issues are overruled.
Default Judgment Does Not Violate Due-Process Guarantees
In her fourth issue, Barrett argues that the rendition of a default judgment before she received notice of the lawsuit violates due-process guarantees. This argument is premised on Barrett's assertion that the facts stated in the process server's affidavit regarding personal service of the citation and petition are incorrect. Because extrinsic evidence is necessary to contradict those facts, this issue is likewise waived by Barrett's failure to move for a new trial. See Washington v. Taylor, No. 01-08-00255-CV, 2010 WL 1571201, at *2 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Apr. 8, 2010, no pet.) (mem. op.) (holding that appellant waived his complaint that he did not receive notice of hearing where he did not file motion for new trial). We therefore overrule her fourth issue.
Conclusion
We affirm the trial court's judgment.
Harvey Brown
Justice
Panel consists of Chief Justice Radack and Justices Higley and Brown.