Opinion
Docket No. 92449.
Decided February 1, 1988.
Glassen, Rhead, McLean Campbell (by Jaye M. Bergamini), for defendant.
Defendant appeals as of right from an order denying his motion for satisfaction of judgment pursuant to GCR 1963, 524(3), now MCR 2.620. We reverse.
This action arose out of defendant's failure to pay a promissory note executed by defendant to plaintiff on January 10, 1978, for the purchase of a crane with bucket and boom. The note, by its terms, was due on May 10, 1978, in the amount of $15,525. The note described the collateral as a "Northwest Model 6 Crane, Serial Number 12930 w/50 foot boom and 1 1/2 yard bucket." Plaintiff filed the financing statement with the Secretary of State pursuant to the Uniform Commercial Code. On November 27, 1978, plaintiff filed a complaint against defendant to collect the balance due on the promissory note after defendant's failure to pay the amount due. The complaint sought claim and delivery of the crane with bucket and boom and a money judgment on the note for the full amount due, $15,525.
On July 16, 1979, a default judgment was entered ordering defendant to pay $15,000, plus interest of $1,977.50, together with costs and charges amounting to $65.45. Sometime in February or March of 1980, plaintiff applied for a writ of execution from the Bay Circuit Court. The Bay Circuit Court file contains no evidence that a writ was ever issued, served or returned. However, plaintiff produced a photocopy of the writ of execution signed by the deputy clerk of Bay County. Further, the deputy clerk testified that the writ was prepared by plaintiff's attorney and forwarded to the clerk's office, where she signed it, stamped the clerk's name, and sent it back to plaintiff's attorney.
Plaintiff's attorney then sent the signed writ to a private process server in Saginaw, Michigan. Although the private process server was not an authorized officer of the Bay Circuit Court and had no authority from the circuit court to serve writs of execution, he located defendant's crane at Bay Harbor Marina in Bay City, levied on the crane and allegedly posted notices advertising its sale.
On March 28, 1980, the private process server conducted some type of auction and sold defendant's property for $1,000. In addition, other property not covered in the security agreement was sold. The sale of this equipment is the subject of separate litigation between the parties.
Defendant filed a motion for satisfaction of judgment on January 2, 1985. Defendant contended that the private process server had no authority to sell defendant's crane and equipment pursuant to a writ of execution. Defendant acknowledged that plaintiff did have a security interest in the collateral which permitted it to repossess and resell the collateral in accordance with the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC). However, defendant contended the sale of the crane was not done in a commercially reasonable manner nor was there any notice to defendant of the sale. Defendant sought a court order declaring that the judgment was satisfied or, alternatively, that the reasonable value of the property sold be applied against the judgment in satisfaction or partial satisfaction thereof. Plaintiff's counsel argued that defendant was, in effect, asking the court to find that plaintiff had converted defendant's property. Since the sale of the property had taken place more than three years before defendant filed his motion for satisfaction of judgment, plaintiff contended that defendant's motion was barred by the three-year period of limitation for the tort of conversion.
Following two days of hearings, the circuit court found that plaintiff had attempted to proceed pursuant to a writ of execution but that the execution of the writ was "fatally defective." The process server was not authorized to serve writs of execution and conduct a sheriff's sale. The court found that the sale did not meet the statutory requirements for a private sale by a secured party under the UCC. Finally, it found that the value of the property covered by the security agreement was $15,000. The court then requested memoranda from counsel as to the application of the facts to the law.
On March 25, 1985, the court issued its opinion which reasserted its findings of fact. The court stated that, since the private process server was without authority to perform a sheriff's sale, the sale of the property was a private sale subject to the requirements of MCL 440.9504; MSA 19.9504 (UCC 9-504). The court restated that the sale was not conducted in a commercially reasonable manner and that reasonable notice of the sale was not provided to defendant. It concluded, however, that the private seizure which failed to comply with the UCC requirements constituted a conversion of defendant's property by plaintiff. Since defendant's motion for satisfaction of judgment was raised more than three years after the seizure and sale of his property, the court held that the motion was barred by the three-year period of limitation for "injury to a person or property" found in MCL 600.5805(8); MSA 27A.5805(8). The court then denied defendant's motion for satisfaction of judgment.
Defendant appeals from this denial and argues that the trial court erred in denying defendant's motion for satisfaction of judgment. He contends that the statute of limitations for conversion does not apply since a party cannot convert property in which it has a security interest.
Initially we note that the court, in its findings, stated that, since the writ was not properly executed, the seizure and sale of the property was "necessarily private" and subject to the requirements of the UCC. Plaintiff has not appealed from these findings and thus this Court accepts them as true. MCL 440.9504; MSA 19.9504 (UCC 9-504) sets limits on a secured party's right to dispose of collateral after a default. The question of first impression which arises in this case is whether failure to comply with the notice and sale provisions of UCC 9-504 constitutes a conversion.
While Michigan has not directly addressed the issue, foreign jurisdictions have held that failure to dispose of collateral in a commercially reasonable manner states a possible cause of action under UCC 9-507 and not a cause of action for conversion. See Rush v Farmers Merchants Bank, 162 Ga. App. 65; 290 S.E.2d 164 (1982), and Sumner v Century National Bank Trust Co, 92 Misc.2d 726; 402 N.Y.S.2d 285 (1978). But see Day v Schenectady Discount Corp, 125 Ariz. 564 ; 611 P.2d 568 (Ariz. App, 1980), Wells v Central Bank of Alabama, 347 So.2d 114 (Ala Civ App, 1977), and Davidson v First Bank Trust Co, Yale, 559 P.2d 1228 (Okla, 1976).
We believe that a party's failure to comply with the notice and sale provisions of UCC 9-504, which triggers liability under UCC 9-507 (MCL 440.9507; MSA 19.9507), triggers the secured party's liability but such is not truly a liability for conversion and the applicable period of limitation should be the catchall period found in MCL 600.5813; MSA 27A.5813, six years. Accord, Rush, supra. Therefore, the trial court erred in ruling that the three-year period of limitation for the tort of conversion barred defendant's motion for satisfaction of judgment. Plaintiff's failure to give proper notice of the disposition of the crane operates as an absolute bar to recovery of a deficiency judgment. Honor State Bank v Timber Wolf Construction Co, 151 Mich. App. 681; 391 N.W.2d 442 (1986). Defendant's motion for satisfaction of judgment is granted.
Reversed.