Opinion
Case No. 1:16-cv-183
09-19-2016
SERGIO ALVARADO, et al., Plaintiffs, v. STATE FARM LLOYDS, Defendant.
MAGISTRATE JUDGE'S REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION
The Court is in receipt of Plaintiffs' Motion to Remand. Dkt. No. 5. Plaintiffs seek remand to the 103rd Judicial District Court of Cameron County, Texas; and ask the Court to award them their related "court costs, expenses, and attorney's fees." Id. at 3. It is recommended that the Court deny Plaintiffs' Motion to Remand and related request for court costs, expenses, and attorney's fees.
I. Statement of the Case
On July 21, 2016, Defendant State Farm Lloyds filed a Notice of Removal, removing Plaintiffs' civil action to this Court from the 103rd Judicial District Court of Cameron County, Texas. Dkt. No. 1. On August 6, 2016, Plaintiffs' filed their Motion to Remand, stating that this Court should remand their case back to state court because Defendant's removal was improper. Dkt. No. 5 at 1, 3. Specifically, Plaintiffs argue that Defendant's removal was improper because Defendant has failed to show that the amount in controversy in this action exceeds $75,000.00; therefore, this Court lacks diversity jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1332. Id. Plaintiffs additionally assert that the Court should award them court costs, expenses, and attorneys' fees because Defendant's improper removal has forced them to file their instant Motion to Remand. Id. at 3.
On August 23, 2016, Defendant filed its Response to Plaintiffs' Motion to Remand (hereinafter, "Defendant's Response"). Dkt. No. 7. Defendant argues that denying Plaintiffs' Motion to Remand is proper here because "it is clear that the amount in controversy exceeds $75,000.00." Id. at 4.
II. Legal Standard
The party removing an action bears the burden of establishing that federal jurisdiction is present. Howery v. Allstate Ins. Co., 243 F.3d 912, 916 (5th Cir. 2001). All doubts concerning whether removal jurisdiction is proper must be resolved in favor of remand. Acuna v. Brown & Root, Inc., 200 F.3d 335, 339 (5th Cir. 2000). Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1332, a federal court will not have subject matter jurisdiction unless: (1) "the matter in controversy exceeds the sum or value of $75,000, exclusive of interest and costs," and (2) complete diversity of citizenship is present between the parties. 28 U.S.C. § 1332 ("Diversity of citizenship; amount in controversy; costs").
Generally, "the sum demanded in good faith in the initial pleading shall be deemed to be the amount in controversy." However, when the state practice does not permit a demand for a specific sum, removal is proper if the removing party proves by a preponderance of the evidence
that the amount in controversy exceeds $75,000. Defendant can satisfy this burden by (1) showing it is "apparent from the face of the petition that the claims are likely to exceed $75,000" or (2) setting forth "summary judgment-type evidence of facts in controversy that support a finding of the requisite amount."Villarreal v. State Farm Lloyds, No. 7:15-CV-292, 2015 WL 5838876, at *1 (S.D. Tex. Oct. 7, 2015) (citations omitted).
"[I]f it is facially apparent from the petition that the amount in controversy exceeds $75,000 at the time of removal, post-removal affidavits, stipulations, and amendments reducing the amount do not deprive the district court of jurisdiction." In other words, these post-removal filings may only be considered in determining the amount in controversy "if the basis for jurisdiction is ambiguous at the time of removal." "Under those circumstances, the court is still examining the jurisdictional facts as of the time the case is removed, but the court is considering information submitted after removal."
III. Discussion
The Original Petition that Plaintiffs filed in state court seeks "all" damages available under the Texas Deceptive Trade Practices Act ("DTPA"). Dkt. No. 1-4 at 7. Under the DTPA, a plaintiff may recover "three times the amount of economic damages" if the defendant acted "knowingly." TEX. BUS. COM. CODE ANN. § 17.50(b)(1). Here, Plaintiffs' Original Petition asserts that the Defendant acted knowingly in violating the DTPA. Dkt. No. 1-4 at 7. Plaintiffs' Original Petition does not specify the amount of economic damages they are seeking. However, Defendant has submitted evidence indicating that Plaintiffs are seeking $29,671.26 in economic damages. See Dkt. No. 7-1 at 5 (containing Plaintiffs' pre-suit "Demand for Relief"). Three times $29,671.26 is 89,013.78, an amount well over $75,000.00.
There is nothing in the record showing that Plaintiffs abdicated their claim for treble damages prior to removal. Plaintiffs have not filed a reply to Defendant's Response, or otherwise demonstrated that Defendant has failed to meet its burden of proof. Accordingly, the Court finds that Defendant has shown, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the amount in controversy exceeds $75,000.00, exclusive of interest and costs.
Further, Defendant argues that complete diversity exists between the parties because Plaintiffs are citizens of Texas, and Defendant is a citizen of Illinois. See Dkt. No. 1 at 2; Dkt. No. 7 at 1. Plaintiffs have not disputed this allegation, or demonstrated otherwise. Both the record and relevant authority support Defendant's argument. See Dkt. No. 1 at 2 ("State Farm is a 'Lloyd's Plan' . . . . an unincorporated association of underwriters who were at the time this action was commenced, and still are, all citizens and residents of Illinois"); Dkt. No. 1-4 at 3 (indicating that Plaintiffs are "residents of this state" of Texas); Dkt. No. 4 at 1 (listing Plaintiffs as residents of Texas); Royal Ins. Co. of Am. v. Quinn-L Capital Corp., 3 F.3d 877, 882 (5th Cir. 1993) (for purposes of determining diversity jurisdiction, courts consider the citizenship of the underwriter members of unincorporated insurance associations, like those selling insurance under a "Lloyd's plan"); Van Tassel v. State Farm Lloyds, No. 4:14-CV-2864, 2015 WL 4617241, at *1 (S.D. Tex. July 31, 2015) (noting that State Farm Lloyds is "a citizen of Illinois" for purposes of determining whether State Farm Lloyds is diverse from a Texas plaintiff); Landor v. State Farm Lloyds, No. 3:12-CV-4268-M, 2013 WL 1746003, at *1, n.1 (N.D. Tex. Apr. 23, 2013) ("State Farm is a 'Lloyd's Plan' . . . . an association of underwriters, each of whom . . . were, and still are, citizens of the states of Illinois, Florida and Pennsylvania, making State Farm a citizen of the states of Illinois, Florida, and Pennsylvania for diversity purposes.") (citing "Massey v. State Farm Lloyds Ins. Co., 993 F.Supp. 568, 570 (S.D. Tex. 1998) ('In this case, therefore, the citizenship of State Farm Lloyds must be determined solely by the citizenship of its members, or underwriters.')).
The Court finds that the amount in controversy in this case exceeds $75,000.00, exclusive of interests and costs. The Court additionally finds that the parties are completely diverse. Therefore, this Court has diversity jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1332. Plaintiffs' Motion to Remand lacks merit and should be denied.
IV. Recommendation
It is recommended that the Court deny Plaintiffs' Motion to Remand and related request for court costs, expenses, and attorney's fees.
V. Notice to the Parties
A party's failure to file written objections to the proposed findings, conclusions, and recommendation in a magistrate judge's report and recommendation within fourteen days after being served with a copy shall bar that party, except upon grounds of plain error, from attacking on appeal the unobjected- to proposed factual findings and legal conclusions accepted by the district court, provided that the party has been served with notice that such consequences will result from a failure to object. Douglass v. United Services Auto. Ass'n, 79 F.3d 1415 (5th Cir. 1996).
Signed on this 19th day of September, 2016.
/s/_________
Ignacio Torteya, III
United States Magistrate Judge